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ISBN:9781402035807

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简介

The application of X-rays to objects of archaeology and the attempt to gain insight into both construction and chemical composition in a non-destructive manner date back to the days of the discovery of radiation. Nowadays, X-ray techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence and diffraction are standard tools.The book contains scientific data, i.e. in situ measurement data taken with portable XRF and XRD, and fine data taken with accelerating ion beams and synchrotron radiations, and with their explanation. Results obtained by traditional scientific methods are also reviewed. The book contains experimental data taken both from monuments in the field and exhibits in museums, i.e. ancient Egyptian wall painting pigments, ancient Egyptian wooden statues, ancient Egyptian mummies, ancient Greek funerary monuments, Cypriot ceramics, Medieval, Lyubliana and Venetian glass, Romanian ceramics, ancient Near East clay, old Japanese porcelain, pre-Hispanic items from ancient America, ancient Chinese underglaze-red, blue and white porcelain, Chinese celadon, Phoenician cosmetics, glazes, ancient gold and silver coins, gold jewelleries, gold alloys, corroded metals, gemstones (ruby, emerald and garnet), painting pigments, pottery, bronze, obsidian, stucco, turquoise, and so on. This discussion between natural scientists and archaeologists predicts the future direction of archaeology.

目录


Part I In-situ Measurements
Chapter I-1
Characterization of Pigments Used in Ancient Egypt 3
M. Uda
Chapter 1-2
Importance of in-situ EDXRF Measurements in the Preservation and
Conservation of Material Culture 27
A.G Karydas, X Brecoulaki, Th. Pantazis, E. Aloupi,
V Argyropoulos, D. Kotzamani, R. Bernard, Ch. Zarkadas and
Th. Paradellis
Chapter 1-3
Scientific Field Research in Egypt -Results from research undertaken
by the Institute of Egyptology, Waseda University- 55
Sakuji Yoshimura
Part II Use of Ion Beam
Chapter II-1
Ion Beam Techniques for the Non-destructive Analysis of
Archaeological Materials 67
Guy Demortier
Chapter 11-2
The Origin of Ancient Gemstones Unveiled by PIXE, PIGE and
g-Raman Spectrometry 101
T Calligaro
Chapter 11-3
Investigations of Medieval Glass by a Combined PIXE/PIGE Method
Glassmaking a fagon de Venise 113
Z. Smit and M Kos
Chapter 11-4
PIXE Analysis of pre-Hispanic Items from Ancient America 123
J.L. Ruvalcada Sil
Chapter 11-5
PIXE Study on Chinese Underglaze-Red Porcelain Made in Yuan
Dynasty 151
H.S.Cheng, Z.Q.Zhang, E.K.Lin, YPHuang
Chapter 11-6
Glassmaking in the Venetian Manner 159
Mateja Kos and 2iga Smit
Chapter 11-7
Study on Pigments for Ceramics and Glass Using X-ray Methods 163
B. Constantinescu, Roxana Bugoi, GH. Niculescu, D. Popovici,
GH. Manucu-Adamesteanu
Chapter 11-8
Compositional Differences of Blue and White Porcelain Analyzed by
External Beam PIXE 173
Y Sha, PQ. Zhang, GG Wang, X.J. Zhang, X Wang, J. Liu
Part III Use of Synchrotron Radiation
Chapter 111-1
Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis of archaeological
ceramics and glass 183
Izumi Nakai
Chapter 111-2
Synchrotron Radiation in Archaeological and Cultural Heritage
Science 199
E. Pantos
Chapter 111-3
Study of the Elemental Distribution in Ancient Chinese Porcelain
Using Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Fluorescence 209
Y Y. Huang, P L. Leung, W He
Chapter 111-4
Study on the Compositional Differences among Different Kilns' Tang
Sancai by SRXRF 217
Y. Lei, S. L. Feng, J. Jiang, Z. X. Zhuo, S. L Zhang, Y. M. Liao
Chapter 111-5
Study of Chemical Composition in Ancient Celadon of Yue Kiln 223
Dongyu Fan, Songlin Feng, Qing Xu
Part IV Radiography
Chapter IV-1
The Use of Medical Computed Tomography (CT) Imaging in the
Study of Ceramic and Clay Archaeological Artifacts from the 231
Ancient Near East
N. Applbaum and Y.H. Applbaum
Chapter IV-2
The Radiographic Examinations of the "Guardian Statues" from the
Tomb of Tutankhamen 247
Jiro Kondo
Chapter IV-3
Analytical Study of Paintings by X-ray Radiography
and Spectoroscopy 253
Kamba Nobuyuki
Chapter IV-4
Radiographic Findings in Ancient Egyptian Mummies 259
Kazuaki Hirata
Part V Interdisciplinary Field between Art and Science
Chapter V-l
X-ray Application on Post-Amarna Objects from Dahshur 265
S.Hasegawa, M. Uda, S. Yoshimura, J.Kondo, TNakagawa, S.Nishimoto
Chapter V-2
Decorative Program at Malqata Palace, Egypt 271
Shin-Ichi Nishimoto
Chapter V-3
X-ray Archaeology in China 275
Changsui Wang
Chapter V-4
The Relationship between Arts and Sciences in the Field of
Archaeology: From Cooperation to a Truly Equal Partnership 291
Sakuji Yoshimura
Color Plates 295

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