简介
Robert M. Adams’s superlative revised translation of Candide provides the basis for this widely adopted Norton Critical Edition. The accompanying apparatus has been revised in accordance with recent biographical and critical materials.
The Backgrounds and Criticism sections provide important essays that shed light on major critical issues relevant to Candide and to the intellectual climate of the period.
In addition to the reports of five English visitors to Ferney, essays by Haydn Mason, Erich Auerbach, Ernst Cassirer, and Robert M. Adams are included.
The final section of the edition, "The Climate of Controversy," summarizes the debate surrounding Voltaire’s works and includes essays by Peter Gay, Raymond Naves, Gustave Lanson, and John Morley.
Also included are a series of quotations about Voltaire by such prominent figures as Gustave Flaubert, Frederick the Great, and Stendhal, as well as the text of "Pangloss’s Song," a ballad from the 1956 Candide-based operetta by Richard Wilbur.
目录
Preface to the Second Edition
The Text of Candide, or Optimism
"Candide" and Mademoiselle "Cunégonde": A Note on Their Names
Candide
Backgrounds
Robert M. Adams·Summary: The Intellectual Backgrounds
Voltaire·Well, Everything is Well
Gustave Lanson·Voltaire at Les Délices and at Ferney
Haydn Mason·[Gestation: Candide Assembling Itself]
English Visitors to Ferney: A Sampling
Edward Gibbon, August 1763
James Boswell, December 1764
Rev. Nortoon Nichols, August 1771
Charles Burney, July 1770
John Moore and Douglas Hamilton (Eighth Duke of Hamilton), July 1772
Criticism
Robert M. Adams·The Conte Defined
A Checklist of the Contes of Voltaire, and Related Writings
Erich Auerbach·[Tone, Pace, Insinuation]
I. O. Wade·[Voltaire and Candide]
J. G. Weightman·The Quality of Candide
Ernst Cassirer·[Voltaire’s Escape from Pascal]
Robert M. Adams·Getting the Point
The Climate of Controversy
1. VOLTAIRE’S FAITH
Voltaire: Letter on the Subject on Candide
Peter Gay: [What Did Voltaire Mean by l’Infame?]
André Delattre
2. VOLTAIRE’S GREATNESS
Joseph de Maistre
Victor Hugo
Edmond and Jules Goncourt
3. VOLTAIRE’S COHERENCE
Emile Faguet
Daniel Mornet
Raymond Naves
4. VOLTAIRE’S HUMANITY
Madame de Stael
Gustave Lanson
5. VOLTAIRE’S STYLE
Hippolyte Taine
John Morley
6. SHORT TAKES
Anatole France
Gustave Flaubert
George Saintsbury
André Bellessort
Emile Faguet
Frederick the Great
S. G. Tallentyre
Peter Gay
Stendhal
Richard Wilbur: [Pangloss’s Song]
Thomas Jefferson
Jacques Van Den Heuvel
André Delattre
Hugo Friederich
7. VOLTAIRE’S APOTHEOSIS
Paul Valéry
For Further Reading
老实人 Candide
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