简介
本书介绍了数据库的基本概念，包括数据库设计、语言和系统实现。所有概念都通过直接描述来介绍，有清晰的、组织结构良好的图形和一些取代形式化证明的示例。书中通过一个生动的商业银行案例将核心的概念代入实际情境。本书修订和新增内容包括：实体关系模型及uml表示；结构查询语言；实例查询语言包括微软的access qbe实现；规范化；面向对象和对象关系模型；新增的xml章节；查询处理；数据库管理；应用开发问题，包括通过web访问数据库；数据仓库、olap和数据挖掘；信息检索内容的更新和扩展。新增附录还介绍了商用数据库系统的内核设计。
目录
preface xv
chapter 1 introduction
1.1 database system applications 1
1.2 database systems versus file systems 3
1.3 view of data 5
1.4 data models 7
1.5 database languages 11
1.6 database users and administrators 13
1.7 transaction management 15
1.8 database system structure 16
1.9 application architectures 18
1.10 history of database systems 18
1.11 summary 21
exercises 23
bibliographical notes 24
part 1 data models
chapter 2 entity-relationship model
2.1 basic concepts 27
2.2 constraints 33
2.3 keys 35
.2.4 design issues 37
2.5 entity-relationship diagram 42
2.6 weak entity sets 47
2.7 extended e-r features 49
2.8 design of an e-r database schema 56
2.9 reduction of an e-r schema to tables 62
2.10 the unified modeling language
uml 68
2.11 summary 70
exercises 72
bibliographical notes 77
chapter 3 relational model
3.1 structure of relational databases 79
3.2 the relational algebra 89
3.3 extended relational-algebra
operations 103
3.4 modification of the database 111
3.5 views 113
3.6 the tuple relational calculus 118
3.7 the domain relational calculus 122
3.8 surnmary l26
exercises 127
bibliographical notes 131
part 2 relational databases
chapter 4 sql
4.1 background 135
4.2 basic structure 137
4.3 set operations 1m
4.4 aggregate functions l46
4.5 null values 148
4.6 nested subqueries 149
4.7 views 154
4.8 complex queries l55
4.9 modification of the database 157
4.10 joined relations l63
4.11 data-definition language 168
4.12 embedded sql 172
4.13 dynamic sql 175
4.14 other sql features 180
4.15 summary 182
exercises 183
bibliographical notes 186
chapter 5 other relational languages
5.1 query-by-example l89
5.2 datalog 203
5.3 user interfaces and tools 217
5.4 summary 2l9
exercises 220
bibliographical notes 223
chapter 6 integrity and security
6.1 domain constraints 225
6.2 referential integrity 227
6.3 assertions 232
6.4 triggers 233
6.5 security and authorization 238
6.6 authorization in sql 244
6.7 encryption and authentication 248
6.8 summary 250
exercises 252
bibliographical notes 254
chapter 7 relational-database design
7.l first normal form 257
7.2 pitfalls in relational-database
design 258
7.3 functional dependencies 260
7.4 decomposition 271
7.5 desirable properties of
decomposition 275
7.6 boyce--codd normal form 279
7.7 third normal form 284
7.8 fourth normal form 289
7.9 more normal forms 293
7.10 overall database design process 293
7.11 surrunary 297
exercises 299
bibliographical notes 303
part 3 object-based databases and xml
chapter 8 object-oriented databases
8.1 need for complex data types 307
8.2 the object-oriented data model 308
8.3 object-oriented languages 318
8.4 persistent programming languages 318
8.5 persistent c++ systems 322
8.6 persistent java systems 330
8.7 summary 331
exercises 332
bibliographical notes 333
chapter 9 object-relational databases
9.1 nested relations 335
9.2 complex types 337
9.3 inheritance 342
9.4 reference types 346
9.5 querying with complex types 348
9.6 functions and procedures 351
9.7 obect-oriented versus
object-relational 356
9.8 summary 357
exercises 358
bibliographical notes 360
chapter 10 xml
10.1 background 361
10.2 structure of xml data 364
10.3 xml document schema 367
10.4 querying and transformation 372
10.5 the app1ication program interface 380
10.6 storage of xml data 381
10.7 xml applications 384
10.8 summary 386
exercises 388
bibliographical notes 390
part 4 data storage and querying
chapter 11 storage and file structure
11.1 overview of physical storage
media 393
11.2 magnetic disks 396
1l.3 raid 402
11.4 tertiary storage 410
11.5 storage access 412
11.6 file organization 415
11.7 organization of records in files 422
11.8 data-dictionary storage 426
1l.9 storage for object-oriented
databases 428
11.10 summary 438
exercises 440
bibliographical notes 443
chapter 12 indexing and hashing
l2.1 basic concepts 445
12.2 ordered indices 446
12.3 b+-tree index files 453
12.4 b-tree index files 464
l2.5 static hashing 465
12.6 dynamic hashing 471
12.7 comparison of ordered indexing and
hashing 477
12.8 index definition in sql 479
12.9 multiple-key access 480
12.10 summary 487
exercises 489
bibliographical notes 491
chapter 13 query processing
13.l overview 493
13.2 measures of query cost 495
13.3 selection operation 496
13.4 sorting 501
13.5 join operation 503
13.6 other operations 514
13.7 evaluation of expressions 518
13.8 summary 523
exercises 525
bibliographical notes 526
chapter 14 query optimization
l4.1 overview 529
14.2 estimating statistics of expression
results 531
14.3 transformation of relational
expressions 537
14.4 choice of evaluation plans 544
14.5 materialized views 553
14.6 summary 557
exercises 559
bibliographical notes 561
part 5 transaction management
chapter 15 transactions
15.1 transaction concept 565
15.2 transactionstate 568
15.3 implementation of atomicity and
durability 571
15.4 concurrent executions 573
15.5 serializability 576
15.6 recoverability 582
15.7 implementation of isolation 583
15.8 transaction definition in sql 584
15.9 testing for serializability 584
15.10 summary 586
exercises 588
bibliographical notes 590
chapter 16 concurrency control
16.1 lock-based protocols 591
16.2 timestamp-based protocols 604
16.3 validation-based protocols 607
16.4 multiple granularity 609
16.5 multiversion schemes 612
l6.6 deadlock handling 615
16.7 insert and delete operations 620
16.8 weak levels of consistency 623
16.9 concurrency in index structures 625
16.10 summary 629
exercises 632
bibliographical notes 636
chapter 17 recovery system
17.1 failure classification 639
17.2 storage structure 640
17.3 recovery and atomicity 644
17.4 log-based recovery 645
17.5 shadow paging 653
17.6 recovery with concurrent
transactions 657
17.7 buffer management 660
17.8 failure with loss of nonvolatile
storage 663
17.9 advanced recovery techniques 664
17.10 remote backup systems 672
17.11 summary 674
exercises 677
bibliographical notes 679
part 6 database system architecture
chapter 18 database system architectures
18.1 centralized and client--server
architectures 683
18.2 server system architectures 687
18.3 parallel systems 691
18.4 distributed systems 697
18.5 networktypes 701
18.6 summary 703
exercises 705
bibliographical notes 707
chapter 19 distributed databases
l9.1 homogeneous and heterogeneous
databases 709
19.2 distributed data storage 710
19.3 distributed transactions 713
19.4 commit protocols 716
19.5 concurrency control in distributed
databases 722
19.6 asailability 730
19.7 distributed query processing 735
19.8 heterogeneous distributed
databases 738
l9.9 directory systems 741
19.10 summary 746
exercises 749
bibliographical notes 752
chapter 20 parallel databases
20.1 introduction 755
20.2 i/o parallelism 756
20.3 interquery parallelism 760
20.4 intraquery parallelism 76l
20.5 intraoperation parallelism 762
20.6 interoperation parallelism 770
20.7 design of parallel systems 772
20.8 summary 773
exercises 775
bibliographical notes 777
part 7 other topics
chapter 21 application development and administration
2l.1 web interfaces to databases 781
21.2 performance tuning 790
21.3 performance benchmarks 798
2l.4 standardization 802
2l.5 e-commerce 806
21.6 legacy systems 809
2l.7 summary 810
exercises 812
bibliographical notes 815
chapter 22 advanced querying and information retrieval
22.1 decision-support systems 817
22.2 data analysis and olap 819
22.3 data mining 830
22.4 data warehousing 842
22.5 information-retrieval systems 846
22.6 summary 856
exercises 859
bibliographical notes 861
chapter 23 advanced data types and new applications
23.1 motivation 863
23.2 time in databases 864
23.3 spatial and geographic data 866
23.4 multimedia databases 877
23.5 mobility and personal databases 880
23.6 summary 885
exercises 887
bibliographical notes 889
chapter 24 advanced transaction processing
24.1 transaction-processing monitors 891
24.2 transactional workflows 895
24.3 main-memory databases 901
24.4 real-time transaction systems 903
24.5 long-duration transactions 904
24.6 transaction management in
multidatabases 910
24.7 summary 914
exercises 916
bibliographical notes 917
part 8 case studies
chapter 25 oracle
25.1 database design and querying
tools 921
25.2 sql variations and extensions 923
25.3 storage and indexing 925
25.4 query processing and
optimization 934
25.5 concurrency control and
recovery 940
25.6 system architecture 942
25.7 replication, distribution, and external
data 945
25.8 database administration tools 946
bibliographical notes 947
chapter 26 ibm db2 universal database
26.1 database design and querying
tools 950
26.2 sql variations and extensions 951
26.3 storage and indexing 953
26.4 query processing and
optimization 956
26.5 concurrency control and
recovery 960
26.6 system architecture 963
26.7 replication, distribution, and external
data 965
26.8 database administration tools 965
26.9 summary 967
bibliographical notes 967
chapter 27 microsoft sql server
27.1 management, design, and querying
tools 969
27.2 sql variations and extensions 975
27.3 storage and indexing 980
27.4 query processing and
optimization 982
27.5 concurrency and recovery 986
27.6 system architecture 991
27.7 data access 992
27.8 distribution and replication 994
27.9 full-text queries on relational
data 998
27.10 data warehousing and analysis
services 999
27.11 xml and web support 1002
27.12 summary l005
bibliographical notes 1005
part 9 appendices
appendix a network model (contents online)
a.1 basic concepts a1
a.2 data-structure diagrams a2
a.3 the dbtg codasyl model a7
a.4 dbtg data-retrieval facility a13
a.5 dbtg update facility a20
a.6 dbtg set-processing facility a22
a.7 mapping of networks to files a27
a.8 summary a31
exercises a32
bibliographical notes a35
appendix b hierarchical model (contents online)
b.1 basic concepts b1
b.2 tree-structure diagrams b2
b.3 data-retrieval facility b13
b.4 update facility b18
b.5 virtual records b21
b.6 mapping of hierarchies to files b22
b.7 the ims database system b24
b.8 summary b25
exercises b26
bibliographical notes b29
appendix c advanced relational design (contents online)
c.1 multivalued dependencies c1
c.2 join dependencies c5
c.3 domain-key normal form c8
c.4 summary c10
exercises c10
bibliographical notes c11
bibliography 1007
index 1043
chapter 1 introduction
1.1 database system applications 1
1.2 database systems versus file systems 3
1.3 view of data 5
1.4 data models 7
1.5 database languages 11
1.6 database users and administrators 13
1.7 transaction management 15
1.8 database system structure 16
1.9 application architectures 18
1.10 history of database systems 18
1.11 summary 21
exercises 23
bibliographical notes 24
part 1 data models
chapter 2 entity-relationship model
2.1 basic concepts 27
2.2 constraints 33
2.3 keys 35
.2.4 design issues 37
2.5 entity-relationship diagram 42
2.6 weak entity sets 47
2.7 extended e-r features 49
2.8 design of an e-r database schema 56
2.9 reduction of an e-r schema to tables 62
2.10 the unified modeling language
uml 68
2.11 summary 70
exercises 72
bibliographical notes 77
chapter 3 relational model
3.1 structure of relational databases 79
3.2 the relational algebra 89
3.3 extended relational-algebra
operations 103
3.4 modification of the database 111
3.5 views 113
3.6 the tuple relational calculus 118
3.7 the domain relational calculus 122
3.8 surnmary l26
exercises 127
bibliographical notes 131
part 2 relational databases
chapter 4 sql
4.1 background 135
4.2 basic structure 137
4.3 set operations 1m
4.4 aggregate functions l46
4.5 null values 148
4.6 nested subqueries 149
4.7 views 154
4.8 complex queries l55
4.9 modification of the database 157
4.10 joined relations l63
4.11 data-definition language 168
4.12 embedded sql 172
4.13 dynamic sql 175
4.14 other sql features 180
4.15 summary 182
exercises 183
bibliographical notes 186
chapter 5 other relational languages
5.1 query-by-example l89
5.2 datalog 203
5.3 user interfaces and tools 217
5.4 summary 2l9
exercises 220
bibliographical notes 223
chapter 6 integrity and security
6.1 domain constraints 225
6.2 referential integrity 227
6.3 assertions 232
6.4 triggers 233
6.5 security and authorization 238
6.6 authorization in sql 244
6.7 encryption and authentication 248
6.8 summary 250
exercises 252
bibliographical notes 254
chapter 7 relational-database design
7.l first normal form 257
7.2 pitfalls in relational-database
design 258
7.3 functional dependencies 260
7.4 decomposition 271
7.5 desirable properties of
decomposition 275
7.6 boyce--codd normal form 279
7.7 third normal form 284
7.8 fourth normal form 289
7.9 more normal forms 293
7.10 overall database design process 293
7.11 surrunary 297
exercises 299
bibliographical notes 303
part 3 object-based databases and xml
chapter 8 object-oriented databases
8.1 need for complex data types 307
8.2 the object-oriented data model 308
8.3 object-oriented languages 318
8.4 persistent programming languages 318
8.5 persistent c++ systems 322
8.6 persistent java systems 330
8.7 summary 331
exercises 332
bibliographical notes 333
chapter 9 object-relational databases
9.1 nested relations 335
9.2 complex types 337
9.3 inheritance 342
9.4 reference types 346
9.5 querying with complex types 348
9.6 functions and procedures 351
9.7 obect-oriented versus
object-relational 356
9.8 summary 357
exercises 358
bibliographical notes 360
chapter 10 xml
10.1 background 361
10.2 structure of xml data 364
10.3 xml document schema 367
10.4 querying and transformation 372
10.5 the app1ication program interface 380
10.6 storage of xml data 381
10.7 xml applications 384
10.8 summary 386
exercises 388
bibliographical notes 390
part 4 data storage and querying
chapter 11 storage and file structure
11.1 overview of physical storage
media 393
11.2 magnetic disks 396
1l.3 raid 402
11.4 tertiary storage 410
11.5 storage access 412
11.6 file organization 415
11.7 organization of records in files 422
11.8 data-dictionary storage 426
1l.9 storage for object-oriented
databases 428
11.10 summary 438
exercises 440
bibliographical notes 443
chapter 12 indexing and hashing
l2.1 basic concepts 445
12.2 ordered indices 446
12.3 b+-tree index files 453
12.4 b-tree index files 464
l2.5 static hashing 465
12.6 dynamic hashing 471
12.7 comparison of ordered indexing and
hashing 477
12.8 index definition in sql 479
12.9 multiple-key access 480
12.10 summary 487
exercises 489
bibliographical notes 491
chapter 13 query processing
13.l overview 493
13.2 measures of query cost 495
13.3 selection operation 496
13.4 sorting 501
13.5 join operation 503
13.6 other operations 514
13.7 evaluation of expressions 518
13.8 summary 523
exercises 525
bibliographical notes 526
chapter 14 query optimization
l4.1 overview 529
14.2 estimating statistics of expression
results 531
14.3 transformation of relational
expressions 537
14.4 choice of evaluation plans 544
14.5 materialized views 553
14.6 summary 557
exercises 559
bibliographical notes 561
part 5 transaction management
chapter 15 transactions
15.1 transaction concept 565
15.2 transactionstate 568
15.3 implementation of atomicity and
durability 571
15.4 concurrent executions 573
15.5 serializability 576
15.6 recoverability 582
15.7 implementation of isolation 583
15.8 transaction definition in sql 584
15.9 testing for serializability 584
15.10 summary 586
exercises 588
bibliographical notes 590
chapter 16 concurrency control
16.1 lock-based protocols 591
16.2 timestamp-based protocols 604
16.3 validation-based protocols 607
16.4 multiple granularity 609
16.5 multiversion schemes 612
l6.6 deadlock handling 615
16.7 insert and delete operations 620
16.8 weak levels of consistency 623
16.9 concurrency in index structures 625
16.10 summary 629
exercises 632
bibliographical notes 636
chapter 17 recovery system
17.1 failure classification 639
17.2 storage structure 640
17.3 recovery and atomicity 644
17.4 log-based recovery 645
17.5 shadow paging 653
17.6 recovery with concurrent
transactions 657
17.7 buffer management 660
17.8 failure with loss of nonvolatile
storage 663
17.9 advanced recovery techniques 664
17.10 remote backup systems 672
17.11 summary 674
exercises 677
bibliographical notes 679
part 6 database system architecture
chapter 18 database system architectures
18.1 centralized and client--server
architectures 683
18.2 server system architectures 687
18.3 parallel systems 691
18.4 distributed systems 697
18.5 networktypes 701
18.6 summary 703
exercises 705
bibliographical notes 707
chapter 19 distributed databases
l9.1 homogeneous and heterogeneous
databases 709
19.2 distributed data storage 710
19.3 distributed transactions 713
19.4 commit protocols 716
19.5 concurrency control in distributed
databases 722
19.6 asailability 730
19.7 distributed query processing 735
19.8 heterogeneous distributed
databases 738
l9.9 directory systems 741
19.10 summary 746
exercises 749
bibliographical notes 752
chapter 20 parallel databases
20.1 introduction 755
20.2 i/o parallelism 756
20.3 interquery parallelism 760
20.4 intraquery parallelism 76l
20.5 intraoperation parallelism 762
20.6 interoperation parallelism 770
20.7 design of parallel systems 772
20.8 summary 773
exercises 775
bibliographical notes 777
part 7 other topics
chapter 21 application development and administration
2l.1 web interfaces to databases 781
21.2 performance tuning 790
21.3 performance benchmarks 798
2l.4 standardization 802
2l.5 e-commerce 806
21.6 legacy systems 809
2l.7 summary 810
exercises 812
bibliographical notes 815
chapter 22 advanced querying and information retrieval
22.1 decision-support systems 817
22.2 data analysis and olap 819
22.3 data mining 830
22.4 data warehousing 842
22.5 information-retrieval systems 846
22.6 summary 856
exercises 859
bibliographical notes 861
chapter 23 advanced data types and new applications
23.1 motivation 863
23.2 time in databases 864
23.3 spatial and geographic data 866
23.4 multimedia databases 877
23.5 mobility and personal databases 880
23.6 summary 885
exercises 887
bibliographical notes 889
chapter 24 advanced transaction processing
24.1 transaction-processing monitors 891
24.2 transactional workflows 895
24.3 main-memory databases 901
24.4 real-time transaction systems 903
24.5 long-duration transactions 904
24.6 transaction management in
multidatabases 910
24.7 summary 914
exercises 916
bibliographical notes 917
part 8 case studies
chapter 25 oracle
25.1 database design and querying
tools 921
25.2 sql variations and extensions 923
25.3 storage and indexing 925
25.4 query processing and
optimization 934
25.5 concurrency control and
recovery 940
25.6 system architecture 942
25.7 replication, distribution, and external
data 945
25.8 database administration tools 946
bibliographical notes 947
chapter 26 ibm db2 universal database
26.1 database design and querying
tools 950
26.2 sql variations and extensions 951
26.3 storage and indexing 953
26.4 query processing and
optimization 956
26.5 concurrency control and
recovery 960
26.6 system architecture 963
26.7 replication, distribution, and external
data 965
26.8 database administration tools 965
26.9 summary 967
bibliographical notes 967
chapter 27 microsoft sql server
27.1 management, design, and querying
tools 969
27.2 sql variations and extensions 975
27.3 storage and indexing 980
27.4 query processing and
optimization 982
27.5 concurrency and recovery 986
27.6 system architecture 991
27.7 data access 992
27.8 distribution and replication 994
27.9 full-text queries on relational
data 998
27.10 data warehousing and analysis
services 999
27.11 xml and web support 1002
27.12 summary l005
bibliographical notes 1005
part 9 appendices
appendix a network model (contents online)
a.1 basic concepts a1
a.2 data-structure diagrams a2
a.3 the dbtg codasyl model a7
a.4 dbtg data-retrieval facility a13
a.5 dbtg update facility a20
a.6 dbtg set-processing facility a22
a.7 mapping of networks to files a27
a.8 summary a31
exercises a32
bibliographical notes a35
appendix b hierarchical model (contents online)
b.1 basic concepts b1
b.2 tree-structure diagrams b2
b.3 data-retrieval facility b13
b.4 update facility b18
b.5 virtual records b21
b.6 mapping of hierarchies to files b22
b.7 the ims database system b24
b.8 summary b25
exercises b26
bibliographical notes b29
appendix c advanced relational design (contents online)
c.1 multivalued dependencies c1
c.2 join dependencies c5
c.3 domain-key normal form c8
c.4 summary c10
exercises c10
bibliographical notes c11
bibliography 1007
index 1043
Database System Concepts
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