简介
This volume is a collection of the Nobel lectures delivered by the prizewinners in physics, together with their biographies, portraits and the presentation speeches for the period 1996-2000. Each Nobel Lecture is based on the work that won the prize. This volume should be useful to physicists, students, teachers and professors of physics as well as those in related fields. Below is a list of the prizewinners during the period 1996-2000 with a description of the works for which they won the prizes: D.M. Lee, D.D. Osheroff and R.C. Richardson (1996) - for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3; S. Chu, C. Cohen-Tannoudji and W.D. Phillips (1997) - for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light; R.B. Laughlin, H.L. Stormer and D.C. Tsui (1998) - for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations; G't Hooft and M.J.G. Veltman (1999) - for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics; Z.I. Alferov and H. Kroemer (2000) - for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed and opto-electronics; and J.S. Kilby (2000) - for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit.
目录
Table Of Contents:
Foreword v
Preface vii
1996
David M. Lee
Douglas D. Osheroff
Robert C. Richardson
Presentation by Carl Nordling 3(4)
Biography of David M. Lee 7(46)
The Extraordinary Phases of Liquid 3He 11(42)
Biography of Douglas D. Osheroff 53(32)
Superfluidity in 3He: Discovery and Understanding 58(27)
Biography of Robert C. Richardson 85(26)
The Pomeranchuk Effect 91(20)
1997
Steven Chu
Claude N. Cohen-Tannoudji
William D. Phillips
Presentation by Bengt Nagel 111(4)
Biography of Steven Chu 115(46)
The Manipulation of Neutral Particles 122(39)
Biography of Claude N. Cohen-Tannoudji 161(32)
Manipulating Atoms with Photons 166(27)
Biography of William D. Phillips 193(48)
Laser Cooling and Trapping of Neutral Atoms 199(42)
1998
Robert D. Laughlin
Horst L. Stormer
Daniel C. Tsui
Presentation by Mats Jonson 241(4)
Biography of Robert D. Laughlin 245(44)
Fractional Quantization 264(25)
Biography of Horst L. Stormer 289(38)
The Fractional Quantum Hall Effect 295(32)
Biography of Daniel C. Tsui 327(16)
Interplay of Disorder and Interaction in Two-Dimensional Electron Gas in Intense Magnetic Fields 330(13)
1999
Gerardus `t Hooft
Martinus J.G. Veltman
Presentation by Cecilia Jarlskog 343(4)
Biography of Gerardus `t Hooft 347(26)
A Confrontation with Infinity 359(14)
Biography of Martinus J.G. Veltman 373(28)
From Weak Interactions to Gravitation 381(20)
2000
Zhores I. Alferov
Herbert Kroemer
Jack S. Kilby
Presentation by Tord Claeson 401(4)
Biography of Zhores I. Alferov 405(38)
The Double Heterostructure: Concepts and Its Applications in Physics, Electronics and Technology 413(30)
Biography of Herbert Kroemer 443(28)
Quasi-Electric Fields and Band Offsets: Teaching Electrons New Tricks 449(22)
Biography of Jack S. Kilby 471
Turning Potential Into Realities: The Invention of the Integrated Circuit 474
Foreword v
Preface vii
1996
David M. Lee
Douglas D. Osheroff
Robert C. Richardson
Presentation by Carl Nordling 3(4)
Biography of David M. Lee 7(46)
The Extraordinary Phases of Liquid 3He 11(42)
Biography of Douglas D. Osheroff 53(32)
Superfluidity in 3He: Discovery and Understanding 58(27)
Biography of Robert C. Richardson 85(26)
The Pomeranchuk Effect 91(20)
1997
Steven Chu
Claude N. Cohen-Tannoudji
William D. Phillips
Presentation by Bengt Nagel 111(4)
Biography of Steven Chu 115(46)
The Manipulation of Neutral Particles 122(39)
Biography of Claude N. Cohen-Tannoudji 161(32)
Manipulating Atoms with Photons 166(27)
Biography of William D. Phillips 193(48)
Laser Cooling and Trapping of Neutral Atoms 199(42)
1998
Robert D. Laughlin
Horst L. Stormer
Daniel C. Tsui
Presentation by Mats Jonson 241(4)
Biography of Robert D. Laughlin 245(44)
Fractional Quantization 264(25)
Biography of Horst L. Stormer 289(38)
The Fractional Quantum Hall Effect 295(32)
Biography of Daniel C. Tsui 327(16)
Interplay of Disorder and Interaction in Two-Dimensional Electron Gas in Intense Magnetic Fields 330(13)
1999
Gerardus `t Hooft
Martinus J.G. Veltman
Presentation by Cecilia Jarlskog 343(4)
Biography of Gerardus `t Hooft 347(26)
A Confrontation with Infinity 359(14)
Biography of Martinus J.G. Veltman 373(28)
From Weak Interactions to Gravitation 381(20)
2000
Zhores I. Alferov
Herbert Kroemer
Jack S. Kilby
Presentation by Tord Claeson 401(4)
Biography of Zhores I. Alferov 405(38)
The Double Heterostructure: Concepts and Its Applications in Physics, Electronics and Technology 413(30)
Biography of Herbert Kroemer 443(28)
Quasi-Electric Fields and Band Offsets: Teaching Electrons New Tricks 449(22)
Biography of Jack S. Kilby 471
Turning Potential Into Realities: The Invention of the Integrated Circuit 474
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