简介
OUTDOOR EDUCATION Text covers every aspect of diving and is an indispensable handbook for anyone learning to dive. It covers all the theory, from the gas laws, how light andsound travels underwater to how diving affects the diver'sbody. Every aspect of the equipment is described, from howto use it to how to maintain it. However, the book offers more than just a handbook on the theory of diving. Jack Jackson, who has been diving for decades and seen the sport grow, writes with authority and from personal experience, with valuable hints and clear explanations. Divers are shown how to respect the environment and enjoy their sport with minimum impact on the underwater world inwhich they are privileged to immerse themselves. Other important aspects include identifying dangerous underwaterorganisms and how to deal with medical emergencies.
目录
Getting started
The underwater world p. 9
Try it first p. 10
Training agencies p. 10
Some equivalent diving grades p. 11
The marine environment p. 13
The science of diving
Buoyancy p. 17
Air p. 18
The gas laws p. 20
Other factors that affect diving p. 25
Systems of measurement p. 33
The physiology of diving
The cardiovascular system p. 35
Diving and the body p. 36
Decompression sickness (DCS) and Decompression illness p. 39
Treatment of decompression illness p. 40
Response to pressure changes in body air spaces p. 41
Hyperthermia p. 43
Hypothermia p. 44
Near-drowning p. 45
Cramps p. 45
Equipment
Properties of a good mask p. 47
Weight belts, weights and integrated weight systems p. 50
Buoyancy compensator devices p. 53
Exposure suits p. 56
Wet and semidry suits p. 57
Dry suits p. 60
The main scuba cylinder p. 64
Regulators (demand valves) p. 71
Instrumentation and accessories p. 79
Cutting instruments p. 83
Underwater lights and batteries p. 84
Attention-gaining devices p. 84
Jon line p. 86
Electronic shark repellent p. 87
Dive flags p. 88
Diving compressors p. 88
Enriched Air Nitrox fills and DNAx p. 89
Equipment care p. 89
Basic training
Which training agency? p. 91
Basic scuba equipment p. 91
Filling the BCD emergency cylinder p. 93
Fitting the BCD and regulator to the scuba cylinder p. 94
Pool training p. 96
Hand signals p. 100
Training in deeper water p. 102
Mobility and buoyancy p. 103
Ditch and retrieve p. 105
The buddy system p. 106
Preparing for open water diving p. 108
Underwater navigation p. 109
Planning
Plan the dive and dive the plan p. 113
Dive planners and decompression tables p. 114
Sawtooth diving p. 115
Repetitive dives p. 115
Decompression dives p. 115
Finishing a dive p. 116
The RGMB Bubble Model theory p. 116
Altitude and flying after diving p. 116
Diving computers p. 117
Understanding the sea p. 120
Charts and pilots p. 123
Navigation on the surface p. 124
Global Positioning Systems (GPS) p. 125
Types of diving
Temperate vs tropical waters p. 127
Boat diving p. 130
Reef diving, drop-offs and walls p. 137
Muck diving p. 138
Drift diving p. 138
Diving in strong currents p. 139
Night diving p. 140
Deep diving on normal air p. 141
Diving in enclosed overhead environments p. 142
Freshwater diving p. 146
Extended range (technical diving)
Enriched Air Nitrox p. 149
Breathing gases for deep diving p. 150
Heliox and Trimix p. 151
Rebreathers p. 152
Diving with a purpose
Marine biology p. 155
Archaeological diving p. 155
Underwater still photography p. 155
Underwater videography p. 160
Safety and first aid
Basic rescue techniques p. 163
Rough-and-ready non-specialist tests for decompression illness (DCI) p. 164
Condensed first-aid kit p. 165
Oxygen administration p. 165
Dangerous underwater organisms and pollutants
Sun p. 167
Insects p. 167
Swimmer's Ear p. 167
Harbours p. 167
Fish that bite p. 168
Venomous sea creatures p. 169
Electric (torpedo) rays p. 175
Poisonous to eat p. 175
Fish poisoning in general p. 178
Fish that cut p. 179
Diving in freshwater p. 179
Traveling to dive
Before you depart p. 181
Spares kit p. 182
Traveling diver's medics p. 183
Training agencies p. 184
Glossary p. 185
Index p. 190
Photographic acknowledgements p. 192
The underwater world p. 9
Try it first p. 10
Training agencies p. 10
Some equivalent diving grades p. 11
The marine environment p. 13
The science of diving
Buoyancy p. 17
Air p. 18
The gas laws p. 20
Other factors that affect diving p. 25
Systems of measurement p. 33
The physiology of diving
The cardiovascular system p. 35
Diving and the body p. 36
Decompression sickness (DCS) and Decompression illness p. 39
Treatment of decompression illness p. 40
Response to pressure changes in body air spaces p. 41
Hyperthermia p. 43
Hypothermia p. 44
Near-drowning p. 45
Cramps p. 45
Equipment
Properties of a good mask p. 47
Weight belts, weights and integrated weight systems p. 50
Buoyancy compensator devices p. 53
Exposure suits p. 56
Wet and semidry suits p. 57
Dry suits p. 60
The main scuba cylinder p. 64
Regulators (demand valves) p. 71
Instrumentation and accessories p. 79
Cutting instruments p. 83
Underwater lights and batteries p. 84
Attention-gaining devices p. 84
Jon line p. 86
Electronic shark repellent p. 87
Dive flags p. 88
Diving compressors p. 88
Enriched Air Nitrox fills and DNAx p. 89
Equipment care p. 89
Basic training
Which training agency? p. 91
Basic scuba equipment p. 91
Filling the BCD emergency cylinder p. 93
Fitting the BCD and regulator to the scuba cylinder p. 94
Pool training p. 96
Hand signals p. 100
Training in deeper water p. 102
Mobility and buoyancy p. 103
Ditch and retrieve p. 105
The buddy system p. 106
Preparing for open water diving p. 108
Underwater navigation p. 109
Planning
Plan the dive and dive the plan p. 113
Dive planners and decompression tables p. 114
Sawtooth diving p. 115
Repetitive dives p. 115
Decompression dives p. 115
Finishing a dive p. 116
The RGMB Bubble Model theory p. 116
Altitude and flying after diving p. 116
Diving computers p. 117
Understanding the sea p. 120
Charts and pilots p. 123
Navigation on the surface p. 124
Global Positioning Systems (GPS) p. 125
Types of diving
Temperate vs tropical waters p. 127
Boat diving p. 130
Reef diving, drop-offs and walls p. 137
Muck diving p. 138
Drift diving p. 138
Diving in strong currents p. 139
Night diving p. 140
Deep diving on normal air p. 141
Diving in enclosed overhead environments p. 142
Freshwater diving p. 146
Extended range (technical diving)
Enriched Air Nitrox p. 149
Breathing gases for deep diving p. 150
Heliox and Trimix p. 151
Rebreathers p. 152
Diving with a purpose
Marine biology p. 155
Archaeological diving p. 155
Underwater still photography p. 155
Underwater videography p. 160
Safety and first aid
Basic rescue techniques p. 163
Rough-and-ready non-specialist tests for decompression illness (DCI) p. 164
Condensed first-aid kit p. 165
Oxygen administration p. 165
Dangerous underwater organisms and pollutants
Sun p. 167
Insects p. 167
Swimmer's Ear p. 167
Harbours p. 167
Fish that bite p. 168
Venomous sea creatures p. 169
Electric (torpedo) rays p. 175
Poisonous to eat p. 175
Fish poisoning in general p. 178
Fish that cut p. 179
Diving in freshwater p. 179
Traveling to dive
Before you depart p. 181
Spares kit p. 182
Traveling diver's medics p. 183
Training agencies p. 184
Glossary p. 185
Index p. 190
Photographic acknowledgements p. 192
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