社会经济形态[缩微品]

Preface p. xxi
Academic Reviewers p. xxvi
Introduction p. 2
The Challenge of Management p. 3
Management: An Overview p. 6
What Managers Actually Do p. 9
Managerial Knowledge, Skills, and Performance p. 15
Managerial Job Types p. 18
Learning to be an Effective Manager p. 26
Pioneering Ideas in Management p. 35
The Birth of Management Ideas p. 38
Classical Viewpoint p. 41
Behavioral Viewpoint p. 47
Quantitative Management Viewpoint p. 53
Contemporary Viewpoints p. 54
Promoting Innovation: Contributions of the Major Viewpoints p. 61
Understanding External and Internal Environments p. 66
Types of External Environments p. 69
Analyzing Environmental Conditions p. 79
Managing Environmental Elements p. 85
The Internal Environment: Organizational Culture p. 91
Social Responsibility and Ethics in Management p. 100
Organizational Social Responsibility p. 103
Organizational Social Responsiveness p. 112
Being an Ethical Manager p. 115
Managing an Ethical Organization p. 122
Planning and Decision Making p. 132
Establishing Organizational Goals and Plans p. 133
The Overall Planning Process p. 136
The Nature of Organizational Goals p. 137
How Goals Facilitate Performance p. 144
Linking Goals and Plans p. 151
Management by Objectives p. 158
Strategic Management p. 165
The Concept of Strategic Management p. 168
The Role of Competitive Analysis in Strategy Formulation p. 171
Formulating Corporate-Level Strategy p. 176
Formulating Business-Level Strategy p. 186
Formulating Functional-Level Strategy p. 190
Strategy Implementation p. 191
Managing Innovation and Change p. 197
The Nature of Change and Innovation p. 199
Organizational Life Cycles p. 202
Promoting Innovation: The Change and Innovation Process p. 208
Key Organizational Change Components p. 217
Organizational Development p. 222
Managerial Decision Making p. 229
The Nature of Managerial Decision Making p. 231
Managers as Decision Makers p. 234
Steps in an Effective Decision-Making Process p. 238
Overcoming Barriers to Effective Decision Making p. 242
Group Decision Making p. 249
Promoting Innovation: The Creativity Factor in Decision Making p. 251
Planning and Decision Aids p. 261
Forecasting p. 262
Project Planning and Control Models p. 268
Other Planning Techniques p. 272
Quantitative Aids for Decision Making p. 275
Organizing p. 280
Basic Elements of Organization Structure p. 281
The Nature of Organization Structure p. 283
Job Design p. 284
Types of Departmentalization p. 291
Methods of Vertical Coordination p. 291
Promoting Innovation: Methods of Horizontal Coordination p. 301
Strategic Organization Design p. 309
Designing Organization Structures: An Overview p. 311
Assessing Structural Alternatives p. 312
Weighing Contingency Factors p. 325
Matching Strategy and Structure p. 331
Promoting Innovation: Using Structural Means to Enhance Prospects p. 332
Human Resource Management p. 341
Strategic Human Resource Management p. 343
Human Resource Planning p. 344
Staffing p. 350
Development and Evaluation p. 356
Compensation p. 361
Maintaining Effective Work-Force Relationships p. 365
Leading p. 374
Motivation p. 375
The Nature of Motivation p. 377
Need Theories p. 379
Cognitive Theories p. 385
Reinforcement Theory p. 394
Social Learning Theory p. 398
Leadership p. 406
How Leaders Influence Others p. 408
Searching for Leadership Traits p. 411
Identifying Leader Behaviors p. 411
Developing Situational Theories p. 416
Promoting Innovation: Transformational Leadership p. 429
Are Leaders Necessary? p. 431
Managerial Communication p. 437
The Nature of Managerial Communication p. 440
Factors That Impede or Enhance Individual Communication p. 447
Group Communication Networks p. 453
Organizational Communication Channels p. 454
Managing Groups p. 466
Foundations of Work Groups p. 468
Work Group Inputs p. 473
Work Group Processes p. 479
Promoting Innovation: Using Task Forces and Teams p. 487
Managing Conflict p. 489
Controlling p. 498
Controlling the Organization p. 499
Control as a Management Function p. 501
The Control Process p. 506
Types of Controls p. 513
Managerial Approaches to Implementing Controls p. 517
Assessing Control Systems p. 522
Managerial Control Methods p. 529
Major Control Systems p. 532
Financial Control p. 534
Budgetary Control p. 541
Quality Control p. 545
Inventory Control p. 551
Operations Management p. 559
Defining Operations Management p. 561
Formulating Operations Strategy p. 565
Developing and Implementing Operating Systems p. 568
Designing and Utilizing Facilities p. 575
Promoting Innovation: Process Technology p. 580
Improving Productivity p. 584
Information Systems for Management p. 590
Computer-Based Information Systems: An Overview p. 593
Types of Information Systems p. 600
Promoting Innovation: Strategic Implications of Information Systems p. 605
Developing Computer-Based Information Systems p. 609
Impacts of Information Technology on Organizations p. 613
Across all Functions p. 622
International Management p. 623
The Nature of International Management p. 625
Assessing the International Environment p. 630
Gauging International Strategic Issues p. 637
Organizing International Business p. 643
Adapting to Cultural Differences p. 646
Handling Social Responsibility and Ethical Issues p. 649
Entrepreneurship and Small Business p. 655
The Nature of Entrepreneurship p. 657
Factors Influencing Entrepreneurship p. 660
Deciding on a Developmental Approach p. 665
Preparing to Operate a Small Business p. 670
Managing a Small Business p. 675
Glossary p. G-1
References p. R-1
Acknowledgments p. A-1
Photo Credits P-1
Name Index p. I-1
Subject Index p. I-4
Organizations Index p. I-17
International Organizations Index p. I-25