Contents 7
Tables and Figures 9
Preface 11
Introduction 15
A Brief History of a Controversial Agency 17
Looking Ahead 24
Notes 26
Part I NATIONAL AND LOCAL CONTEXT FOR PUBLIC HOUSING TRANSFORMATION 29
1 Public Housing Transformation Evolving National Policy 31
Origins 33
Evolution 36
Creating HOPE 43
The Future of Public Housing for the Very Poor 49
Notes 50
2 Public Housing\u2019s Cinderella Policy Dynamics of HOPE VI in the Mid-1990s 53
HOPE VI 53
Understanding Policy Change Through Multiple Streams 55
The Birth of a Plain-Jane Policy 56
From Plain Jane to Cinderella 58
Henry Cisneros\u2014A Visionary Leader in Crisis 59
PHAs and Housing Trade Organizations\u2014 Lobbying for Deregulation 63
Richard Baron and the Diaz Opinions 64
The HOPE VI Office\u2014Reforming Below the Radar Screen 66
Jumping on the Bandwagon? 70
Notes 72
3 The HOPE VI Program What Has Happened to the Residents? 80
Expectations for Public Housing Transformation 81
Effects of HOPE VI 83
How Are Original HOPE VI Residents Faring? 85
Looking Ahead: Barriers to New Housing and Self-Sufficiency 92
The Future for Residents 96
Notes 97
Part II ON THE GROUND IN CHICAGO RESHAPING PUBLIC HOUSING COMMUNITIES 103
4 The Chicago Housing Authority\u2019s Plan for Transformation 105
The Plan 106
The Planning Process 123
Status of the Plan for Transformation in Early 2005 129
Notes 132
5 Community Resistance to CHA Transformation The History, Evolution, Struggles, and Accomplishments of the Coalition to Protect Public Housing 137
The Early Years of CPPH: 1996 to 1999 139
The Later Years: Keeping the Coalition Together After 2000 154
Obstacles Facing the CPPH 167
The Achievements of the CPPH 176
Notes 177
6 The Case of Cabrini-Green 180
The Cabrini-Green Development 181
HOPE VI and Redevelopment Plans 182
Cabrini-Green Residents File Federal Fair Housing and Civil Rights Lawsuit 184
Near North Redevelopment Continues 189
Creation of Cabrini-Green New Beginnings 190
Protracted Negotiations to Forge a Partnership Agreement 191
Recent Redevelopment Conflicts 193
Notes 195
7 A Critical Analysis of the ABLA Redevelopment Plan 197
The Evolution of the ABLA Housing Development 198
The Intellectual Roots of the ABLA Redevelopment Plan 205
The Flawed ABLA Redevelopment Process 211
The Likely Neighborhood Impacts of Roosevelt Square 218
Notes 223
8 Relocated Public Housing Residents Have Little Hope of Returning Work Requirements for Mixed-Income Public Housing Developments 228
Background 229
Work Requirements Serve as a Barrier to Return 232
The Horner Model 237
Conclusion 241
Notes 241
Part III LEARNING FROM CHICAGO PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES FOR POLICY MAKERS 249
9 Gautreaux and Chicago\u2019s Public Housing Crisis The Conflict Between Achieving Integration and Providing Decent Housing for Very Low-Income African Americans 251
The Affordable Housing Crisis 252
Integration Versus the Critical Need for Low-Income Housing 259
Notes 263
10 Mixed-Income Communities Designing Out Poverty or Pushing Out the Poor? 271
The New Frontier: Mixed-Income Development 272
New Urbanism . . . New Directions in Public Housing 277
Why Does Design Matter in Transforming Public Housing? 282
The Symbolic Meaning of Community\u2014Modernism Redux? 289
Notes 291
11 Downtown Restructuring and Public Housing in Contemporary Chicago Fashioning a Better World-Class City 294
Urban Restructuring, Local Response: Chicago Style 296
The Chicago Housing Authority and Central Chicago 298
Richard M. Daley\u2019s New Chicago 301
Chicago\u2019s New Chicago Housing Authority 304
Public Housing and the New Geography of Central Chicago 307
Notes 309
Epilogue 313
National and Local Conditions Affecting Public Housing 314
Looking Ahead 320
Notes 324
About the Editors and Contributors 327
Index 331