简介
Summary:
Publisher Summary 1
These twenty lectures have been developed and refined by Professor Siebert during the more than two decades he has been teaching introductory Signals and Systems courses at MIT. The lectures are designed to pursue a variety of goals in parallel: to familiarize students with the properties of a fundamental set of analytical tools; to show how these tools can be applied to help understand many important concepts and devices in modern communication and control engineering practice; to explore some of the mathematical issues behind the powers and limitations of these tools; and to begin the development of the vocabulary and grammar, common images and metaphors, of a general language of signal and system theory.
Although broadly organized as a series of lectures, many more topics and examples (as well as a large set of unusual problems and laboratory exercises) are included in the book than would be presented orally. Extensive use is made throughout of knowledge acquired in early courses in elementary electrical and electronic circuits and differential equations.
Contents:Review of the "classical" formulation and solution of dynamic equations for simple electrical circuits; The unilateral Laplace transform and its applications; System functions; Poles and zeros; Interconnected systems and feedback; The dynamics of feedback systems; Discrete-time signals and linear difference equations; The unilateral Z-transform and its applications; The unit-sample response and discrete-time convolution; Convolutional representations of continuous-time systems; Impulses and the superposition integral; Frequency-domain methods for general LTI systems; Fourier series; Fourier transforms and Fourier's theorem; Sampling in time and frequency; Filters, real and ideal; Duration, rise-time and bandwidth relationships: The uncertainty principle; Bandpass operations and analog communication systems; Fourier transforms in discrete-time systems; Random Signals; Modern communication systems.
Circuits, Signals, and Systemsis included in The MIT Press Series in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, copublished with McGraw-Hill.
目录
Table Of Contents:
Preface xiii
Dynamic Equations and Their Solutions for Simple Circuits
Introduction 1(1)
Constitutive Relations for Elements 1(5)
Interconnection Constraints: Kirchhoff's Laws 6(1)
Dynamic Equations in Node and State Form 7(6)
Block Diagrams 13(3)
Solutions of the Dynamic Equations 16(1)
Solutions of the Dynamic Equations When the Inputs Are Zero 16(3)
Solutions of the Dynamic Equations for Exponential Inputs 19(6)
Summary 25(18)
Exercises 26(5)
Problems 31(12)
The Unilateral Laplace Transform
Introduction 43(1)
The Unilateral Laplace Transform 44(1)
Examples of L-Transforms and Theorems 45(4)
The Inverse Laplace Transform 49(3)
Multiple-Order Poles 52(2)
Circuit Analysis with the Laplace Transform 54(7)
Summary 61(11)
Appendix: Short Table of Unilateral Laplace Transforms 62(1)
Exercises 63(2)
Problems 65(7)
System Functions
Introduction 72(1)
A Superposition Formula for LTI Circuits 72(2)
System Functions 74(3)
System Functions as the Response Amplitudes to Exponential Drives 77(2)
System Functions and the Input-Output Differential Equation 79(3)
Summary 82(23)
Appendix: System Function Characterization of LTI 2-ports 84(3)
Exercises 87(2)
Problems 89(16)
Poles and Zeros
Introduction 105(1)
Pole-Zero Diagrams 105(4)
Vectorial Interpretation of H(jw) 109(5)
Potential Analogies 114(2)
Bode Diagrams 116(4)
Summary 120(19)
Exercises 121(5)
Problems 126(13)
Interconnected Systems and Feedback
Introduction 139(2)
Elementary System Interconnections; Effects of Loading 141(3)
Simple Feedback Loops 144(2)
Examples of the Effects of Negative Feedback 146(12)
Summary 158(5)
Exercises 159(1)
Problems 160(3)
The Dynamics of Feedback Systems
Introduction 163(1)
Inverse Systems 163(3)
Feedback Effects on Bandwidth and Response Time 166(6)
Stability 172(5)
Feedback Stabilization of Unstable Systems 177(6)
Summary 183(24)
Appendix: The Nyquist Stability Criterion 184(8)
Exercises 192(3)
Problems 195(12)
Discrete-time Signals and Linear Difference Equations
Introduction 207(2)
Linear Difference Equations 209(3)
Block Diagrams and State Formulations for DT Systems 212(7)
Direct Solution of Linear Difference Equations 219(3)
Zero Input Response 222(2)
Summary 224(7)
Exercises 225(1)
Problems 226(5)
The Unilateral Z-Transform and Its Applications
Introduction 231(1)
The Z-Transform 231(8)
The Z-Transform Applied to LTI Discrete-Time Systems 239(2)
Frequency-Domain Representations of Discrete-Time Systems 241(8)
Summary 249(11)
Appendix: Short Table of Unilateral Z-Transforms 250(1)
Exercises 251(1)
Problems 252(8)
The Unit Sample Response and Discrete-Time Convolution
Introduction 260(1)
The Convolution Theorem for Z-Transforms 261(6)
Convolution and General Linear Time-Invariant Systems 267(5)
Algebraic Properties of the General Convolution Operation 272(2)
An Example of Deconvolution 274(4)
Summary 278(8)
Exercises 280(1)
Problems 281(5)
Convolutional Representations of Continous-Time Systems
Introduction 286(1)
The L-Transform Convolution Theorem 287(4)
Convolution and General LTI Systems 291(7)
Causality and Stability 298(5)
Summary 303(11)
Exercises 304(1)
Problems 305(9)
Impulses and the Superposition Integral
Introduction 314(1)
The Smoothing Effect of Physical Systems 314(4)
Impulses and Their Fundamental Properties 318(5)
General LTI Systems; The Superposition Integral 323(12)
Impulses and Sudden Changes in Initial State 335(3)
Doublets and Other Generalized Functions; Impulse Matching 338(6)
Summary 344(20)
Exercises 345(4)
Problems 349(15)
Frequency-Domain Methods for General LTI Systems
Introduction 364(2)
Strips of Convergence for H(s) 366(1)
The Fourier Integral 367(2)
A Special Case-Fourier Series 369(3)
Other Forms of Fourier Series; Spectra 372(8)
Averages of Periodic Functions; Parseval's Theorem 380(3)
Summary 383(10)
Exercises 385(1)
Problems 386(7)
Fourier Transforms and Fourier's Theorem
Introduction 393(1)
Extension of the Fourier Series to the Fourier Integral 394(8)
More Careful Statements of Fourier's Theorem 402(2)
Further Examples of Fourier's Theorem; Singularity Functions 404(5)
The Convolution Property of Fourier Transforms 409(4)
Summary 413(16)
Appendix A: Tables of Fourier Transforms and Their Properties 414(3)
Appendix B: The Bilateral Laplace Transform 417(2)
Exercises 419(1)
Problems 420(9)
Sampling in Time and Frequency
Introduction 429(1)
The Periodic Impulse Train 429(2)
Fourier Transforms of Periodic Functions; Fourier Series Revisited 431(392)
The Sampling Theorem 435(4)
Pulse Modulation Systems 439(3)
The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform 442(3)
Summary 445(26)
Appendix: Vector-Space Representations of Signals 446(9)
Exercises 455(2)
Problems 457(14)
Filters, Real and Ideal
Introduction 471(1)
Ideal Filters 472(3)
Causality Conditions and Hilbert Transforms 475(5)
The Ideal Filter Step Response and Gibbs' Phenomenon 480(3)
Summary 483(5)
Exercises 484(1)
Problems 485(3)
Duration-Bandwith Relationships and the Uncertainty Principle
Introduction 488(1)
Definitions of Delay, Rise Time, Duration, and Bandwidth 488(9)
The Significance of the Uncertainty Principle; Pulse Resolution 497(5)
Summary 502(5)
Exercises 503(1)
Problems 504(3)
Bandpass Operations and Analog Communication Systems
Introduction 507(1)
Amplitude Modulation 508(12)
Mixers and Superheterodyne Receivers 520(3)
Single-Side-Band Modulation; General Narrowband Representations 523(7)
Phase and Frequency Modulation 530(8)
Summary 538(20)
Exercises 539(2)
Problems 541(17)
Fourier Transforms in Discrete-Time Systems
Introduction 558(2)
Properties of the Discrete-Time Fourier Transform 560(6)
Discrete-Time Filters 566(7)
The DT Fourier Series and the Discrete Fourier Transform 573(4)
Properties of the DT Fourier Series and the DFT 577(2)
Summary 579(16)
Appendix-Short Table of Discrete-Time Fourier Transforms 581(1)
Exercises 582(2)
Problems 584(11)
Averages and Random Signals
Introduction 595(2)
Averages of Periodic Functions 597(7)
Properties of Infinite-Time Averages 604(4)
Probabilistic Models of Simple Random Processes 608(10)
Summary 618(9)
Problems 620(7)
Modern Communication Systems
Introduction 627(1)
Sampling and Quantizing 628(4)
Error-Correcting Codes 632(2)
Modulation and Detection 634(7)
Pulse-Amplitude Modulation (PAM) 634(3)
Pulse-Code Modulation (PCM) 637(2)
Pulse-Position Modulation (PPM) 639(2)
Summary 641(1)
Epilogue 642(1)
Index 643
Preface xiii
Dynamic Equations and Their Solutions for Simple Circuits
Introduction 1(1)
Constitutive Relations for Elements 1(5)
Interconnection Constraints: Kirchhoff's Laws 6(1)
Dynamic Equations in Node and State Form 7(6)
Block Diagrams 13(3)
Solutions of the Dynamic Equations 16(1)
Solutions of the Dynamic Equations When the Inputs Are Zero 16(3)
Solutions of the Dynamic Equations for Exponential Inputs 19(6)
Summary 25(18)
Exercises 26(5)
Problems 31(12)
The Unilateral Laplace Transform
Introduction 43(1)
The Unilateral Laplace Transform 44(1)
Examples of L-Transforms and Theorems 45(4)
The Inverse Laplace Transform 49(3)
Multiple-Order Poles 52(2)
Circuit Analysis with the Laplace Transform 54(7)
Summary 61(11)
Appendix: Short Table of Unilateral Laplace Transforms 62(1)
Exercises 63(2)
Problems 65(7)
System Functions
Introduction 72(1)
A Superposition Formula for LTI Circuits 72(2)
System Functions 74(3)
System Functions as the Response Amplitudes to Exponential Drives 77(2)
System Functions and the Input-Output Differential Equation 79(3)
Summary 82(23)
Appendix: System Function Characterization of LTI 2-ports 84(3)
Exercises 87(2)
Problems 89(16)
Poles and Zeros
Introduction 105(1)
Pole-Zero Diagrams 105(4)
Vectorial Interpretation of H(jw) 109(5)
Potential Analogies 114(2)
Bode Diagrams 116(4)
Summary 120(19)
Exercises 121(5)
Problems 126(13)
Interconnected Systems and Feedback
Introduction 139(2)
Elementary System Interconnections; Effects of Loading 141(3)
Simple Feedback Loops 144(2)
Examples of the Effects of Negative Feedback 146(12)
Summary 158(5)
Exercises 159(1)
Problems 160(3)
The Dynamics of Feedback Systems
Introduction 163(1)
Inverse Systems 163(3)
Feedback Effects on Bandwidth and Response Time 166(6)
Stability 172(5)
Feedback Stabilization of Unstable Systems 177(6)
Summary 183(24)
Appendix: The Nyquist Stability Criterion 184(8)
Exercises 192(3)
Problems 195(12)
Discrete-time Signals and Linear Difference Equations
Introduction 207(2)
Linear Difference Equations 209(3)
Block Diagrams and State Formulations for DT Systems 212(7)
Direct Solution of Linear Difference Equations 219(3)
Zero Input Response 222(2)
Summary 224(7)
Exercises 225(1)
Problems 226(5)
The Unilateral Z-Transform and Its Applications
Introduction 231(1)
The Z-Transform 231(8)
The Z-Transform Applied to LTI Discrete-Time Systems 239(2)
Frequency-Domain Representations of Discrete-Time Systems 241(8)
Summary 249(11)
Appendix: Short Table of Unilateral Z-Transforms 250(1)
Exercises 251(1)
Problems 252(8)
The Unit Sample Response and Discrete-Time Convolution
Introduction 260(1)
The Convolution Theorem for Z-Transforms 261(6)
Convolution and General Linear Time-Invariant Systems 267(5)
Algebraic Properties of the General Convolution Operation 272(2)
An Example of Deconvolution 274(4)
Summary 278(8)
Exercises 280(1)
Problems 281(5)
Convolutional Representations of Continous-Time Systems
Introduction 286(1)
The L-Transform Convolution Theorem 287(4)
Convolution and General LTI Systems 291(7)
Causality and Stability 298(5)
Summary 303(11)
Exercises 304(1)
Problems 305(9)
Impulses and the Superposition Integral
Introduction 314(1)
The Smoothing Effect of Physical Systems 314(4)
Impulses and Their Fundamental Properties 318(5)
General LTI Systems; The Superposition Integral 323(12)
Impulses and Sudden Changes in Initial State 335(3)
Doublets and Other Generalized Functions; Impulse Matching 338(6)
Summary 344(20)
Exercises 345(4)
Problems 349(15)
Frequency-Domain Methods for General LTI Systems
Introduction 364(2)
Strips of Convergence for H(s) 366(1)
The Fourier Integral 367(2)
A Special Case-Fourier Series 369(3)
Other Forms of Fourier Series; Spectra 372(8)
Averages of Periodic Functions; Parseval's Theorem 380(3)
Summary 383(10)
Exercises 385(1)
Problems 386(7)
Fourier Transforms and Fourier's Theorem
Introduction 393(1)
Extension of the Fourier Series to the Fourier Integral 394(8)
More Careful Statements of Fourier's Theorem 402(2)
Further Examples of Fourier's Theorem; Singularity Functions 404(5)
The Convolution Property of Fourier Transforms 409(4)
Summary 413(16)
Appendix A: Tables of Fourier Transforms and Their Properties 414(3)
Appendix B: The Bilateral Laplace Transform 417(2)
Exercises 419(1)
Problems 420(9)
Sampling in Time and Frequency
Introduction 429(1)
The Periodic Impulse Train 429(2)
Fourier Transforms of Periodic Functions; Fourier Series Revisited 431(392)
The Sampling Theorem 435(4)
Pulse Modulation Systems 439(3)
The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform 442(3)
Summary 445(26)
Appendix: Vector-Space Representations of Signals 446(9)
Exercises 455(2)
Problems 457(14)
Filters, Real and Ideal
Introduction 471(1)
Ideal Filters 472(3)
Causality Conditions and Hilbert Transforms 475(5)
The Ideal Filter Step Response and Gibbs' Phenomenon 480(3)
Summary 483(5)
Exercises 484(1)
Problems 485(3)
Duration-Bandwith Relationships and the Uncertainty Principle
Introduction 488(1)
Definitions of Delay, Rise Time, Duration, and Bandwidth 488(9)
The Significance of the Uncertainty Principle; Pulse Resolution 497(5)
Summary 502(5)
Exercises 503(1)
Problems 504(3)
Bandpass Operations and Analog Communication Systems
Introduction 507(1)
Amplitude Modulation 508(12)
Mixers and Superheterodyne Receivers 520(3)
Single-Side-Band Modulation; General Narrowband Representations 523(7)
Phase and Frequency Modulation 530(8)
Summary 538(20)
Exercises 539(2)
Problems 541(17)
Fourier Transforms in Discrete-Time Systems
Introduction 558(2)
Properties of the Discrete-Time Fourier Transform 560(6)
Discrete-Time Filters 566(7)
The DT Fourier Series and the Discrete Fourier Transform 573(4)
Properties of the DT Fourier Series and the DFT 577(2)
Summary 579(16)
Appendix-Short Table of Discrete-Time Fourier Transforms 581(1)
Exercises 582(2)
Problems 584(11)
Averages and Random Signals
Introduction 595(2)
Averages of Periodic Functions 597(7)
Properties of Infinite-Time Averages 604(4)
Probabilistic Models of Simple Random Processes 608(10)
Summary 618(9)
Problems 620(7)
Modern Communication Systems
Introduction 627(1)
Sampling and Quantizing 628(4)
Error-Correcting Codes 632(2)
Modulation and Detection 634(7)
Pulse-Amplitude Modulation (PAM) 634(3)
Pulse-Code Modulation (PCM) 637(2)
Pulse-Position Modulation (PPM) 639(2)
Summary 641(1)
Epilogue 642(1)
Index 643
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