简介
This work presents a series of dramatic discoveries never before made public. Starting from a collection of simple computer experiments---illustrated in the book by striking computer graphics---Wolfram shows how their unexpected results force a whole new way of looking at the operation of our universe. Wolfram uses his approach to tackle a remarkable array of fundamental problems in science: from the origin of the Second Law of thermodynamics, to the development of complexity in biology, the computational limitations of mathematics, the possibility of a truly fundamental theory of physics, and the interplay between free will and determinism.
目录
Preface ix
1 The Foundations for a New Kind of Science I
2 The Crucial Experiment 23
3 The World of Simple Programs 51
4 Systems Based on Numbers 115
5 Two Dimensions and Beyond 169
6 Starting from Randomness 223
7 Mechanisms in Programs and Nature 297
8 Implications for Everyday Systems 363
9 Fundamental Physics 433
10 Processes of Perception and Analysis 547
11 The Notion of Computation 637
12 The Principle of Computational Equivalence 715
Notes 849
Index 1201
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