Scientific and expert evidence /

Table Of Contents:
Preface xxi
Acknowledgments xxiii

Introduction to Science and the Legal Process 1(28)

The Judge as Arbiter of Science 2(5)

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2(4)

Notes and Questions 6(1)

How Scientists Think About Science 7(10)

The Philosophy of Science 7(1)

How Science Works 7(5)

David Goodstein

Notes and Questions 12(2)

The Scientific Ideal in Practice 14(1)

Of Cherries, Fudge, and Onions: Science and Its Courtroom Perversion 14(3)

David W. Peterson

John M. Conley

Notes and Questions 17(1)

How the Courts Understand Science: Irreconcilable Differences? 17(12)

Moore v. Ashland Chemical, Inc. 19(4)

McCleskey v. Kemp 23(2)

Notes and Questions 25(4)

Expert Evidence: Rules and Cases 29(84)

FRE 702 and General Considerations 29(21)

Specialized Knowledge and Helpfulness 30(1)

Kopf v. Skyrm 31(5)

United States v. Vallejo 36(2)

Notes and Questions 38(3)

Expert Qualifications 41(1)

Ralston v. Smith & Nephew Richards, Inc. 42(4)

Notes and Questions 46(1)

McCullock v. H.B. Fuller Co. 46(3)

Notes and Questions 49(1)

Standards of Admissibility 50(48)

The General Acceptance Standard 50(1)

Frye v. United States 50(1)

Notes and Questions 51(1)

Grady v. Frito-Lay, Inc. 52(4)

Notes and Questions 56(2)

The Reliability Standard---The Supreme Court Trilogy on Expert Evidence 58(1)

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 58(11)

Notes and Questions 69(5)

General Electric v. Joiner 74(4)

Notes and Questions 78(4)

Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael 82(7)

Notes and Questions 89(2)

Alternative Approaches to Admissibility Standards 91(1)

Searles v. Fleetwood Homes of Pennsylvania, Inc. 91(6)

Notes and Questions 97(1)

Additional Rules and Considerations 98(15)

Distinguishing Between Lay and Expert Opinions: FRE 701 and Cases 98(2)

United States v. Martinez-Figueroa 100(2)

Notes and Questions 102(1)

Bank of China, New York Branch v. NBM, LLC 102(3)

Notes and Questions 105(1)

Basis of Knowledge for an Expert's Opinion: FRE 703 and Cases 105(1)

Ferrara & DiMercurio v. St. Paul Mercury Insurance Company 106(4)

Notes and Questions 110(1)

Ultimate Issue Testimony: FRE 704 110(1)

FRE 704(a) 110(1)

FRE 704(b) 111(1)

Disclosure of Facts or Data Underlying Expert Opinion: FRE 705 112(1)

Statistical Inference 113(52)

Collecting Data: Populations and Samples 115(5)

United States ex rel. Free v. Peters 116(1)

Amstar Corp. v. Domino's Pizza, Inc. 117(2)

Notes and Questions 119(1)

Analyzing Samples: Confidence Intervals 120(4)

United States ex rel. Free v. Peters 121(1)

Notes and Questions 122(2)

Statistical Significance: Standard Deviations and p-Values 124(14)

Castenada v. Partida 124(2)

Notes and Questions 126(1)

Allard v. Indiana Bell Tel. Co. 127(2)

Notes and Questions 129(2)

Palmer v. Shultz 131(6)

Notes and Questions 137(1)

Correlation 138(6)

Hamer v. Atlanta 138(4)

Notes and Questions 142(2)

Regression Analysis 144(14)

McReynolds v. Sodexho Marriott Servs. 145(3)

Notes and Questions 148(4)

David W. Peterson, A Note Regarding Pay Discrimination 152(6)

Bayesian Statistics 158(7)

Reference Guide on Statistics 158(1)

David H. Kaye

David A. Freedman

Detector Dogs and Probable Cause 159(4)

Richard E. Myers, II

Notes and Questions 163(2)

DNA Evidence 165(44)

The Scientific Background 166(11)

What Is DNA? 166(1)

Back to the Future: Rethinking the Product of Nature Doctrine as a Barrier to Biotechnology Patents 166(1)

John M. Conley

Roberte Makowski

Reference Guide on DNA Evidence 167(2)

David H. Kaye

George F. Sensabaugh, Jr.

Note 169(1)

The Science of DNA Profiling 170(1)

People v. Reeves 170(2)

Reference Guide on DNA Evidence 172(1)

David H. Kaye

George F. Sensabaugh, Jr.

Note 173(4)

DNA in the Courtroom 177(32)

DNA in the Courtroom 177(1)

William C. Thompson

Dan E. Krane

Declaring a Match 178(1)

People v. Soto 178(2)

Notes and Questions 180(1)

The Probability of a Random Match---Compared to What? 181(1)

People v. Soto 181(1)

Dayton v. State 182(2)

Notes and Questions 184(2)

The Probability of a Random Match---The Statistics 186(1)

People v. Soto 186(2)

Notes and Questions 188(3)

Problems with DNA Evidence 191(1)

People v. Reeves 191(2)

Notes and Questions 193(2)

Mitochondrial DNA Evidence 195(1)

DNA in the Courtroom 195(1)

William C. Thompson

Dan E. Krane

United States v. Beverly 196(5)

Notes and Questions 201(1)

Bayesian Paternity Analysis 201(1)

State v. Skipper 201(5)

Notes and Questions 206(3)

Expert Testimony About Behavioral Science 209(68)

Expert Testimony About Syndromes, Profiles, and Frameworks 210(32)

Social Frameworks: A New Use of Social Science in the Law 210(2)

Laurens Walker

John Monahan

Note 212(1)

Behavioral Science in the Age of Daubert: Reflections of a Skeptic 213(1)

Mark S. Brodin

State v. Chauvin 214(9)

Notes and Questions 223(3)

Arcoren v. United States 226(6)

Notes and Questions 232(1)

United States v. Romero 233(7)

Notes and Questions 240(2)

Expert Testimony About Insanity 242(12)

State v. Perez 243(9)

Notes and Questions 252(2)

Expert Testimony About Mental Competence 254(9)

United States v. Gigante 255(7)

Notes and Questions 262(1)

Predictions of Future Dangerousness 263(14)

Barefoot v. Estelle 263(10)

Notes and Questions 273(4)

Forensic Science 277(38)

Introduction and Explanations 277(4)

Forensic Science: Grand Goals, Tragic Flaws & Judicial Gatekeeping 278(3)

Jane Campbell Moriarty

Michael J. Saks

Forensic Science Challenges in the Courtroom 281(17)

United States v. Crisp 282(8)

Notes and Questions 290(3)

State v. Hayden 293(5)

Notes and Questions 298(1)

Determinations of the Cause and Manner of Death 298(17)

Baraka v. Commonwealth 299(7)

State v. Guthrie 306(7)

Notes and Questions 313(2)

Medical Causation 315(64)

How Do You Prove That an Exposure Caused an Outcome? Epidemiology, Toxicology, and Differential Diagnosis 316(2)

Turpin v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 317(1)

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 317(1)

Proving General Causation: Epidemiology 318(10)

Reference Guide on Epidemiology 319(6)

Michael D. Green

D. Michal Freedman

Leon Gordis

In re ``Agent Orange'' Product Liability Litigation 325(2)

Notes and Questions 327(1)

Moving from General to Specific Causation 328(33)

In re Hanford Nuclear Reservation Litigation 328(1)

Using Enhanced Evidence of General Causation to Prove Specific Causation 329(1)

The Swine Flu Vaccine and Guillain-Barre Syndrome: A Case Study in Relative Risk and Specific Causation 330(1)

David A. Freedman

Philip B. Stark

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 331(1)

Notes and Questions 332(2)

The Role of Toxicology 334(1)

Reference Guide on Toxicology 334(2)

Bernard D. Goldstein

Mary Sue Henifin

General Electric Company v. Joiner 336(3)

Notes and Questions 339(3)

Proving Specific Causation Through Differential Diagnosis 342(1)

Easum v. Miller 343(5)

Moore v. Ashland Chemical, Inc. 348(6)

Notes and Questions 354(1)

Toxicogenomics: The Wave of the Future? 355(1)

Toxicogenomics: New Chapter in Causation and Exposure in Toxic Tort Litigation 356(1)

John C. Childs

Genetics and Environmental Law: Redefining Public Health Genetics and Environmental Law: Redefining Public Health 357(3)

Jamie A. Grodsky

Notes and Questions 360(1)

Injuries Allegedly Caused by Doctors, Medical Devices, and Similar Products 361(18)

Riegel v. Medtronic, Inc. 361(5)

Notes and Questions 366(2)

Howerton v. Arai Helmet, Ltd. 368(7)

Notes and Questions 375(4)

Economic Analysis of Liability and Damages 379(38)

The Value of a Working Life 380(14)

McCrann v. United States Lines, Inc. 381(5)

Notes and Questions 386(4)

Har-Pen Truck Lines, Inc. v. Mills 390(3)

Notes and Questions 393(1)

Valuing a Business 394(10)

In re Radiology Assoc., Inc. 394(9)

Notes and Questions 403(1)

Calculating Intellectual Property Damages 404(4)

Estate of Vane v. The Fair, Inc. 404(4)

Notes and Questions 408(1)

Modeling Markets in Antitrust Cases 408(9)

In re Industrial Silicon Antitrust Litigation 408(4)

Notes and Questions 412(5)

Expert Testimony About Memory 417(46)

The Science of Memory: How Memory Works; How Memories Get Changed 418(7)

Scientific Study of Witness Memory: Implications for Public and Legal Policy 418(1)

Gary L. Wells

Why Judges Should Admit Expert Testimony on the Unreliability of Eyewitness Testimony 418(3)

Henry F. Fradella

Adult Recollections of Childhood Abuse: Cognitive and Developmental Perspectives 421(1)

Peter A. Ornstein

Stephen J. Ceci

Elizabeth F. Loftus

Notes and Questions 422(3)

Expert Testimony About Eyewitness Identification 425(10)

United States v. Norwood 425(5)

United States v. Smith 430(4)

Notes and Questions 434(1)

Repressed and Recovered Memory 435(11)

State v. Hungerford 435(6)

Shahzade v. Gregory 441(3)

Notes and Questions 444(2)

The Effects of Coercive and Suggestive Interrogations on Memory 446(8)

State v. Michaels 446(7)

Notes and Questions 453(1)

New Challenges with Expert Testimony About Memory 454(9)

United States v. Libby 454(7)

Notes and Questions 461(2)

Accident and Crime Scene Reconstructions, Defective Products, and Experiments 463(66)

Experiments, Videotapes, and Computer-Generated Evidence 464(16)

Law in the Digital Age: How Visual Communication Technologies Are Transforming the Practice, Theory, and Teaching of Law 464(2)

Richard K. Sherwin

Neal Feigenson

Christina Speisel

Where the Not-So-Wild Things Are: Computers in the Courtroom, The Federal Rules of Evidence, and the Need for Institutional Reform and More Judicial Acceptance 466(3)

Fred Galves

Kudlacek v. Fiat S.p.A. 469(5)

Muth v. Ford Motor Company 474(4)

Notes and Questions 478(2)

Essential Considerations for Accident Reconstruction: Foundation, Qualifications, and Speculation 480(33)

Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael 480(6)

Notes and Questions 486(1)

Brooks v. Outboard Marine Corporation 486(3)

Notes and Questions 489(1)

Weisgram v. Marley 490(12)

Notes and Questions 502(1)

Scott v. Yates 503(2)

Eskin v. Cardin 505(6)

Notes and Questions 511(2)

Crime Scene Reconstruction 513(16)

State v. Moore 513(3)

Romano v. State 516(2)

Notes and Questions 518(1)

State v. Stevens 519(7)

Notes and Questions 526(3)

Final Considerations: Ethics, Discovery, Procedure 529(34)

Experts and Legal Ethics 530(9)

Expert Witnesses: Ethics and Professionalism 530(1)

Steven Lubet

Notes and Questions 531(1)

Yates v. State 531(5)

In the Matter of an Investigation of the West Virginia State Police Crime Laboratory, Serology Division 536(3)

Notes and Questions 539(1)

Discovery About Expert Witnesses 539(9)

Musser v. Gentiva Health Services 542(5)

Notes and Questions 547(1)

Appointment of Expert Witnesses 548(6)

Ake v. Oklahoma 548(5)

Notes and Question 553(1)

Proposals for Structural Change 554(9)

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 554(1)

General Electric Co. v. Joiner 554(1)

Accepting Daubert's Invitation: Defining a Role for Court-Appointed Experts in Assessing Scientific Validity 555(2)

Joe S. Cecil

Thomas E. Willging

The Hon. Stephen Breyer, Introduction, Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence 557(4)

Notes and Questions 561(2)
Table of Cases 563(6)
Index 569