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Outstanding features of Property Law: Rules, Policies, and Practices, written by Professor Joseph William Singer, a highly regarded authority in the field, include:
well-written noteswith clear explanations of the law so students can learn complicated rules easilystrong coverage of civil rights law(fair housing and public accommodations law)strong coverage of statutes, regulations, and statutory interpretation problem-oriented approach, applying concepts, rules, and doctrines to new situations one might find in practice, with problems updated to be currentrecent cases and interesting fact situations
Meticulously and thoughtfully updated and refined, the Fifth Edition offers:
reorganized chapter sequencePart I, renamed "Property in a Free and Democratic Society"links the estates system to the anti-feudal policy and to the current consumer protection orientation of the subprime crisis reverses the order of previous Chapter 1 and Chapter 2to begin with the easy-to-understand trespass material on the right to exclude and limits on the right to exclude created by common law, statutes, and constitutional law. These chapters teach from the very beginning that property rights are limited rather than absolute, that they involve social relationships, not just control over things, and that property law is defined by both common law and statutesall-new Chapter 2, "The Framework of Property Relations in a Democracy,"shows the connection between property law rules designed to prevent the re-emergence of feudalism and regulations designed to respond to the current subprime mortgage crisis. New material on subprime mortgages demonstrates how we can understand all of property law by thinking about the lessons of the subprime crisisChapter 3, now entitled "Competing Claims to Property"focuses partly on how property rights in land were historically created and partly on how property claims emerge today. Most important, it treats these issues as involving competing claims to propertynew Part II, entitled "What Can Be Owned?,"puts the intellectual property chapter and the chapter on property in persons (renamed) at the beginning of the book as an introduction to the problem of defining what can be owned material on tribal property is now integrated into a coherent treatmentthat addresses both the legacy of conquest and contemporary legal issuesnew cases, among them:Commonwealth v. Fremont Investment & Loan (on subprime lending)Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc. & J.K. Rowling v. RDR Books (on the Harry Potter copyright case)Wilcox v. Stroub (on ownership of the papers of Confederate governors of South Carolina)timely updates throughout, among them:information on Measure 37 in Oregon (and Measure 49)changes in mortgages law following the subprime crisischanges in adverse possession law in Colorado and New Yorkfuller coverage of the Uniform Residential Landlord and Tenant Actchanges in the law of same sex marriagestate legislative and constitutional responses to Kelo and substantial changes in the rule against perpetuities
LOOKING FOR ADDITIONAL RESOURCES TO HELP YOU IN PROPERTY LAW? TRY EXAMPLES & EXPLANATIONS: PROPERTY 3E (9780735570313) AND THE WOLTERS KLUWER BOUVIER LAW DICTIONARY: 2011 STUDENT EDITION (9780735568525) --TWO OF MANY GREAT STUDY GUIDES FROM WOLTERS KLUWER LAW & BUSINESS.
目录
Table Of Contents:
Preface xxxvii
A Guide to the Book xliii
How to Brief a Case and Prepare for Class lvii
Acknowledgments lxiii
I Property in a Free and Democratic Society 1(184)
1 Trespass Resolving Conflicts Between the Right to Exclude and the Right of Access 3(68)
§1.1 Trespass 3(30)
§1.1.1 Public Policy Limits on the Right to Exclude 3(1)
State v. Shack (1971) 3(5)
Desnick v. American Broadcasting Companies (1995) 8(4)
Notes and Questions 12(4)
Problems 16(1)
§1.1.2 Right of Reasonable Access to Property Open to the Public 16(1)
Uston v. Resorts International Hotel, Inc. (1982) 16(3)
Notes and Questions 19(4)
Problems 23(1)
§1.1.3 Trespass Remedies 24(1)
Glavin v. Eckman (2008) 24(4)
Jacque v. Steenberg Homes, Inc. (1997) 28(4)
Notes and Questions 32(1)
§1.2 Public Accommodations Statutes 33(19)
§1.2.1 The Antidiscrimination Principle 33(1)
§1.2.1.1 Federal Law (Race, Color, Religion, National Origin) 33(1)
Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title II 33(1)
Civil Rights Act of 1866 34(1)
Notes and Questions 35(4)
Problems 39(1)
§1.2.1.2 State Laws (Sex, Sexual Orientation, Age, Marital Status) 40(1)
New Jersey Law Against Discrimination 40(2)
Notes and Questions 42(1)
Problems 43(1)
§1.2.2 Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities 44(1)
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Title III 44(5)
Problems 49(3)
§1.3 Free Speech Rights of Access to Private Property 52(4)
Problems 55(1)
§1.4 Beach Access and the Public Trust 56(10)
Matthews v. Bay Head Improvement Association (1984) 56(6)
Notes and Questions 62(3)
Problems 65(1)
§1.5 The Right to Be Somewhere and the Problem of Homelessness 66(5)
Problem 69(2)
2 The Framework of Property Relations in a Democracy 71(26)
§2.1 Democratic Property 71(13)
§2.1.1 The Anti-feudal Principle 71(1)
DePeyster v. Michael (1852) 71(6)
Notes and Questions 77(3)
Problems 80(1)
§2.1.2 Ownership in a Society of Free and Equal Persons 80(1)
§2.1.2.1 Abolition of Slavery and Racial Segregation 80(1)
§2.1.2.2 Decline of Company Towns 81(1)
§2.1.2.3 Equal Rights for Women 82(1)
§2.1.2.4 Abolition of Alien Land Laws 83(1)
§2.2 Consumer Protection and the Subprime Mortgage Crisis 84(13)
Commonwealth v. Fremont Investment & Loan (2008) 84(9)
Notes and Questions 93(4)
3 Competing Claims to Property 97(88)
§3.1 Conquest 97(28)
§3.1.1 Property Rights Derived from Competing Sovereigns 97(1)
Johnson v. M'Intosh (1823) 98(10)
Notes and Questions 108(1)
§3.1.2 Forced Seizures of Property from American Indian Nations 109(1)
Tee-Hit-Ton Indians v. United States (1955) 109(5)
United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians (1980) 114(2)
County of Oneida v. Oneida Indian Nation (1985) 116(3)
Navajo Nation v. United States (2009) 119(1)
Notes and Questions 120(1)
Problems 121(4)
§3.2 Government Grant 125(6)
§3.2.1 Homestead Acts and Land Grants 125(2)
§3.2.2 Squatters 127(1)
§3.2.3 Freed Slaves 128(1)
Notes and Questions 129(1)
Problem 129(1)
§3.2.4 The Right of Families to Stay Together and Basic Needs Fulfillment 129(2)
§3.3 Labor and Investment 131(15)
International News Service v. Associated Press (1918) 131(10)
Notes and Questions 141(3)
Problems 144(2)
§3.4 Parents and Children 146(6)
§3.4.1 Child Support 146(1)
Bayliss v. Bayliss (1989) 146(3)
Notes and Questions 149(1)
Problems 150(1)
§3.4.2 Gifts and Inheritance 151(1)
Problems 151(1)
§3.5 Possession 152(25)
§3.5.1 Wild Animals and Baseballs 152(1)
Pierson v. Post (1805) 152(4)
Popov v. Hayashi (2002) 156(2)
Notes and Questions 158(2)
Problem 160(1)
§3.5.2 Oil and Gas 160(1)
Elliff v. Texon Drilling Co. (1948) 160(4)
Problem 164(1)
§3.5.3 Water 164(1)
§3.5.3.1 Groundwater 165(1)
§3.5.3.2 Surface Water 166(1)
Problems 167(1)
§3.5.4 Finders 168(1)
Willcox v. Stroup (2006) 168(3)
Charrier v. Bell (1986) 171(4)
Notes and Questions 175(1)
Problems 176(1)
§3.6 Transfer: Relativity of Title 177(8)
§3.6.1 Real Property 177(1)
Tapscott v. Lessee of Cobbs (1854) 177(3)
Notes and Questions 180(1)
Problem 181(1)
§3.6.2 Personal Property 181(1)
Problem 182(3)
II What Can Be Owned? 185(94)
4 Intellectual Property 187(68)
§4.1 Intangible Property 187(1)
§4.2 Unfair Competition and Misappropriation 188(1)
§4.3 Trademark Law 188(6)
Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co. (1995) 189(3)
Notes and Questions 192(1)
Problem 193(1)
§4.4 Copyright Law 194(37)
§4.4.1 Original Works of Authorship 194(1)
Copyright Act of 1976 194(1)
Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Telephone Service Co. (1991) 195(4)
§4.4.2 Contributory Infringement 199(2)
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd. (2005) 201(17)
§4.4.3 Fair Use 218(1)
Suntrust Bank v. Houghton Mifflin Co. (2001) 218(11)
Problems 229(2)
§4.5 Patent Law 231(10)
§4.5.1 Property in Genetic Information 231(1)
Moore v. Regents of the University of California (1990) 231(7)
Notes and Questions 238(1)
Problem 239(1)
§4.5.2 Business Methods 239(2)
§4.6 Publicity Rights 241(12)
Center for Social Change v. American Heritage Products (1982) 241(8)
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Notes and Questions 249(3)
Problems 252(1)
§4.7 Moral Rights 253(2)
5 Human Beings and Human Bodies 255(24)
§5.1 Property Rights in Human Beings 255(1)
§5.2 Slavery 256(6)
Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) 256(4)
The Antelope (1825) 260(1)
Notes and Questions 261(1)
§5.3 Children 262(8)
In the Matter of Baby M (1988) 262(5)
Notes and Questions 267(3)
§5.4 Frozen Embryos 270(4)
§5.5 Body Parts and Human Genes 274(1)
§5.6 American Indian Human Remains 274(5)
Wana the Bear v. Community Construction, Inc. (1982) 274(2)
Notes and Questions 276(1)
Problems 277(2)
III Relations Among Neighbors 279(314)
6 Adverse Possession 281(52)
§6.1 Title versus Possession 281(21)
§6.1.1 Border Disputes 281(1)
Brown v. Gobble (1996) 281(6)
§6.1.2 Color of Title 287(1)
Romero v. Garcia (1976) 287(2)
§6.1.3 Squatters 289(1)
Nome 2000 v. Fagerstrom (1990) 289(5)
Notes and Questions 294(8)
§6.2 Hohfeldian Terminology 302(2)
§6.3 Justifications for Adverse Possession: "Roots Which We Should Not Disturb" or "Land Piracy"? 304(7)
Problems 310(1)
§6.4 Prescriptive Easements 311(8)
Community Feed Store, Inc. v. Northeastern Culvert Corp. (1989) 311(3)
Notes and Questions 314(4)
Problems 318(1)
§6.5 Other Informal Ways to Transfer Title to Real Property 319(11)
§6.5.1 The Improving Trespasser 319(1)
§6.5.1.1 Removal of Encroaching Structure: Relative Hardship 319(3)
§6.5.1.2 Unjust Enrichment versus Forced Sale 322(1)
Somerville v. Jacobs (1969) 322(4)
Notes and Questions 326(1)
Problem 327(1)
§6.5.2 Boundary Settlement 328(1)
§6.5.2.1 Oral Agreement 328(1)
§6.5.2.2 Acquiescence 328(1)
§6.5.2.3 Estoppel 328(1)
§6.5.2.4 Laches 329(1)
§6.5.3 Dedication 329(1)
§6.5.4 Riparian Owners: Accretion and Avulsion 330(1)
§6.6 Adverse Possession of Personal Property 330(3)
Problem 331(2)
7 Nuisance: Resolving Conflicts Between Free Use and Quiet Enjoyment 333(90)
§7.1 Land Use Conflicts Among Neighbors 333(4)
§7.1.1 Trespassory and Nontrespassory Invasions 333(1)
§7.1.2 Basic Solutions to Land Use Conflicts Between Neighbors 334(1)
§7.1.2.1 Entitlements 334(1)
§7.1.2.2 Remedies 335(1)
§7.1.3 The Reciprocal Nature of the Problem 336(1)
§7.2 Water Rights 337(11)
§7.2.1 Diffuse Surface Water: Flooding Problems 337(1)
§7.2.1.1 Legal Doctrines 337(1)
Armstrong v. Francis Corp. (1956) 337(4)
Notes and Questions 341(2)
§7.2.1.2 Policy Arguments 343(1)
Rights: Freedom of Action versus Security 343(1)
Social Utility: Competition versus Secure Investment 344(2)
Formal Realizability or Administrability: Rigid Rules versus Flexible Standards 346(1)
Problem 347(1)
§7.2.2 Water as a Commercial Resource 348(1)
§7.3 Support Easements 348(20)
§7.3.1 Lateral Support 348(1)
§7.3.1.1 Common Law 348(1)
Noone v. Price (1982) 348(5)
Notes and Questions 353(2)
§7.3.1.2 Building Codes and Private Rights of Action 355(1)
Massachusetts General Laws 355(1)
Massachusetts State Building Code 356(1)
Notes and Questions 356(1)
Problem 357(1)
§7.3.2 Subjacent Support 357(1)
Friendswood Development Co. v. Smith-Southwest Industries, Inc. (1978) 357(7)
Notes and Questions 364(3)
Problem 367(1)
§7.4 Nuisance 368(55)
§7.4.1 Protection of Use and Enjoyment of Land 368(2)
§7.4.2 Defining Unreasonable Land Use 370(1)
Page County Appliance Center, Inc. v. Honeywell, Inc. (1984) 370(3)
Fancher v. Fagella (2007) 373(3)
Notes and Questions 376(7)
Problems 383(1)
§7.4.3 Light and Air 384(1)
§7.4.3.1 Rejection of Nuisance Doctrine: No Easement for Light and Air 384(1)
Fontainebleau Hotel Corp. v. Forty-Five Twenty-Five Inc.(1959) 384(2)
Law and Economics 386(17)
§7.4.3.2 Nuisance Doctrine Applied to Light 403(1)
Prah v. Maretti (1982) 403(6)
Notes and Questions 409(2)
Arguments and Counterarguments 411(12)
8 Servitudes: Rules Governing Contractual Restrictions on Land Use 423(170)
§8.1 Servitudes 423(2)
§8.2 Licenses 425(1)
§8.3 Easements 426(49)
§8.3.1 Creation by Implication 426(1)
§8.3.1.1 Easements by Estoppel (Irrevocable Licenses) 426(1)
Holbrook v. Taylor (1976) 427(2)
§8.3.1.2 Constructive Trusts 429(1)
Rase v. Castle Mountain Ranch, Inc. (1981) 429(6)
Notes and Questions 435(4)
Problem 439(1)
§8.3.1.3 Prescriptive Easements 439(1)
§8.3.1.4 Easements Implied from Prior Use 439(1)
Granite Properties Limited Partnership v. Manns (1987) 439(7)
§8.3.1.5 Easements by Necessity 446(1)
Finn v. Williams (1941) 446(2)
Notes and Questions 448(3)
Problems 451(1)
§8.3.2 Creation by Express Agreement 452(1)
§8.3.2 Historical Background 452(1)
§8.3.2.2 Formal Requirements to Create 452(1)
(a) Writing (Statute of Frauds) 452(1)
Arizona Statute of Frauds 452(1)
Notes and Questions 453(1)
(b) Rule Against Reserving an Easement in a Third Party 453(1)
§8.3.2.3 Validity: Substantive Limitations on the Kinds of Easements That Can Be Created 454(1)
(a) Limits on Negative Easements 454(1)
(b) No Affirmative Easements to Act on One's Own Land 455(1)
§8.3.2.4 Running with the Land 456(1)
(a) Requirements for the Burden to Run with the Land 456(2)
(b) Requirements for the Benefit to Run with the Land (Appurtenant versus In Gross) 458(1)
Green v. Lupo (1982) 458(2)
Notes and Questions 460(2)
Problem 462(1)
§8.3.3 Interpretation of Ambiguous Easements: Scope and Apportionment 463(1)
§8.3.3.1 Appurtenant Easements 463(1)
Cox v. Glenbrook Co. (1962) 463(5)
§8.3.3.2 Easements in Gross 468(1)
Henley v. Continental Cablevision of St. Louis County, Inc. (1985) 468(3)
Notes and Questions 471(3)
Problems 474(1)
§8.3.4 Modifying and Terminating Easements 475(1)
§8.4 Covenants 475(57)
§8.4.1 Historical Background 475(2)
§8.4.2 Creation of Covenants 477(1)
§8.4.2.1 Express Agreement 477(1)
Winn-Dixie Stores, Inc. v. Dolgencorp, Inc. (2007) 477(4)
Whitinsville Plaza v. Kotseas (1979) 481(1)
Davidson Bros., Inc. v. D. Katz & Sons, Inc. (1990) 482(2)
Notes and Questions 484(16)
Problems 500(1)
§8.4.2.2 Implied Reciprocal Negative Servitudes in Residential Subdivisions 501(1)
Evans v. Pollock (1990) 502(4)
Sanborn v. McLean (1925) 506(1)
Riley v. Bear Creek Planning Committee (1976) 506(1)
Notes and Questions 507(4)
Problems 511(1)
§8.4.3 Interpretation of Ambiguous Covenants 512(1)
Blevins v. Barry-Lawrence County Association for Retarded Citizens (1986) 512(3)
Notes and Questions 515(3)
Problems 518(1)
§8.4.4 Modifying and Terminating Covenants 519(1)
§8.4.4.1 Changed Conditions 519(1)
El Di, Inc. v. Town of Bethany Beach (1984) 519(3)
Notes and Questions 522(2)
§8.4.4.2 Relative Hardship 524(1)
§8.4.4.3 Other Equitable Defenses 525(1)
§8.4.4.4 Statutes 526(1)
Massachusetts General Laws 526(1)
Blakeley v. Gorin (1974) 527(4)
Notes and Questions 531(1)
Problems 531(1)
§8.5 Regulation of Covenants and Homeowners Associations 532(61)
§8.5.1 Common Interest Communities 532(1)
§8.5.1.1 Homeowners-Associations and Condominiums 532(2)
§8.5.1.2 Cooperatives 534(1)
§8.5.1.3 Community Land Trusts and Limited Equity Coops 534(2)
§8.5.1.4 Private Governments and Gated Communities 536(1)
§8.5.2 Relations Between Unit Owners and Developers 536(1)
Appel v. Presley Cos.(1991) 536(3)
Notes and Questions 539(1)
§8.5.3 Racially Discriminatory Covenants 540(1)
Shelley v. Kraemer (1948) 541(6)
Evans v. Abney (1970) 547(1)
Notes and Questions 548(3)
Problems 551(1)
§8.5.4 Restraints on Alienation 551(1)
§8.5.4.1 Direct Restraints on Alienation 552(1)
Horse Pond Fish & Game Club, Inc. v. Cormier (1990) 552(3)
§8.5.4.2 Grantor Consent Clauses 555(1)
Northwest Real Estate Co. v. Serio (1929) 555(1)
Riste v. Eastern Washington Bible Camp, Inc. (1980) 556(1)
§8.5.4.3 Rights of First Refusal or Preemptive Rights 557(1)
Wolinsky v. Kadison (1983) 557(3)
Notes and Questions 560(5)
§8.5.4.4 Restrictions on Leasing 565(1)
Woodside Village Condominium Association, Inc. v. Jahren (2002) 565(5)
Notes and Questions 570(1)
§8.5.5 Anticompetitive Covenants 571(1)
Problem 572(1)
§8.5.6 Public Policy Limitations and Review for Reasonableness 573(1)
§8.5.6.1 Covenants 573(1)
Davidson Brothers, Inc. v. D. Katz & Sons, Inc. (1994) 573(5)
Notes and Questions 578(3)
Problems 581(2)
§8.5.6.2 Rules and ByLaws 583(1)
O'Buck v. Cottonwood Village Condominium Association, Inc. (1988) 583(3)
Neuman v. Grandview at Emerald Hills, Inc. (2003) 586(2)
Notes and Questions 588(2)
Problems 590(3)
IV Ownership in Common 593(138)
9 Present Estates and Future Interests 595(68)
§9.1 Division of Ownership Over Time 595(3)
§9.2 Historical Background: From Feudalism to the Market 598(9)
§9.2.1 The Feudal Hierarchy 598(3)
§9.2.2 Growth of the Fee Simple 601(1)
§9.2.3 Avoiding Feudal Incidents 602(1)
§9.2.4 The Perpetual Conflict Between the Generations: Dead Hand Control and Alienability 603(2)
§9.2.5 Legal and Equitable Interests: Executory Interests and the Development of Trusts 605(2)
§9.3 The Contemporary Estates System 607(9)
§9.3.1 Fee Simple Interests 607(1)
§9.3.1.1 Fee Simple Absolute 607(1)
§9.3.1.2 Defeasible Fees 608(2)
§9.3.2 Life Estates 610(1)
§9.3.2.1 Reversions and Remainders 610(1)
§9.3.2.2 Contingent and Vested Remainders 611(1)
§9.3.2.3 Destructibility of Contingent Remainders 612(1)
§9.3.2.4 Doctrine of Worthier Title 613(1)
§9.3.2.5 Rule in Shelley's Case 614(1)
§9.3.3 Fee Tail 614(2)
§9.3.4 Trusts 616(1)
§9.4 Interpretation of Ambiguous Conveyances 616(10)
§9.4.1 Presumption Against Forfeitures and the Grantor's Intent 616(1)
§9.4.1.1 Fee Simple versus Defeasible Fee 616(1)
Wood v. Board of County Commissioners of Fremont County (1988) 616(3)
Cathedral of the Incarnation in the Diocese of Long Island, Inc. v. Garden City Co. (1999) 619(1)
§9.4.1.2 Fee Simple versus Life Estate 619(1)
Edwards v. Bradley (1984) 619(2)
Notes and Questions 621(4)
§9.4.2 Trusts and the Cy Pres Doctrine 625(1)
§9.5 Regulatory Rules 626(37)
§9.5.1 Rule Against Creation of New Estates (The Numerus Clausus Doctrine) 627(1)
Johnson v. Whiton (1893) 627(1)
§9.5.2 Rule Against Unreasonable Restraints on Alienation 628(1)
§9.5.3 Rule Against Perpetuities 628(1)
§9.5.3.1 Traditional Rule 628(5)
§9.5.3.2 Modern Modifications 633(3)
§9.5.3.3 Other Statutory Limits on Future Interests 636(1)
§9.5.3.4 Examples and Explanations 637(4)
§9.5.3.5 Options to Purchase 641(1)
Central Delaware County Authority v. Greyhound Corp. (1991) 641(3)
Notes and Questions 644(5)
Problem 649(1)
§9.5.4 Waste 650(1)
Moore v. Phillips (1981) 650(3)
Notes and Questions 653(1)
§9.5.5 Racial Conditions 654(2)
Problem 656(2)
§9.5.6 Rule Against Unreasonable Restraints on Marriage 658(1)
Lewis v. Searles (1970) 658(3)
Notes and Questions 661(2)
10 Concurrent Ownership and Family Property 663(68)
§10.1 Varieties of Common Ownership 663(1)
§10.2 Rights and Obligations of Co-owners 664(7)
§10.2.1 Tenancy in Common and Joint Tenancy 664(6)
§10.2.2 Tenancy by the Entirety 670(1)
§10.3 Conflicts over Rent and Possession 671(3)
Olivas v. Olivas (1989) 671(2)
Notes and Questions 673(1)
Problems 673(1)
§10.4 Conflicts over Transfers by One Co-owner 674(14)
§10.4.1 Tenancy in Common and Joint Tenancy 674(1)
§10.4.1.1 Family Conflicts over Use of Common Property 674(1)
Carr v. Deking (1988) 674(1)
§10.4.1.2 Death 675(1)
Tenhet v. Boswell (1976) 675(4)
§10.4.1.3 Divorce 679(1)
Kresha v. Kresha (1985) 679(1)
Notes and Questions 680(2)
Problem 682(1)
§10.4.2 Tenancy by the Entirety 682(1)
Sawada v. Endo (1977) 682(4)
Notes and Questions 686(1)
Problem 687(1)
§10.5 Marital Property 688(19)
§10.5.1 Historical Background 688(1)
§10.5.1.1 Coverture, Dower, and Curtesy 688(1)
§10.5.1.2 Married Women's Property Acts 689(1)
§10.5.2 Community Property and Separate Property 690(1)
§10.5.2.1 Separate Property 690(1)
§10.5.2.2 Community Property 691(1)
§10.5.2.3 Premarital Agreements 692(1)
§10.5.2.4 Homestead Laws 693(1)
§10.5.3 Divorce: Equitable Distribution of Property 694(1)
Montana Equitable Distribution Statute 695(1)
In re Marriage of King (1985) 696(1)
O'Brien v. O'Brien (1985) 697(6)
Notes and Questions 703(3)
Problems 706(1)
§10.6 Unmarried Partners 707(10)
Watts v. Watts (1987) 707(4)
Notes and Questions 711(6)
Problem 717(1)
§10.7 Same-Sex Partners 717(5)
§10.7.1 Marriage, Civil Unions, and Domestic Partnership 717(2)
§10.7.2 Contracts 719(1)
Problems 720(2)
§10.8 Child Support 722(1)
§10.9 Forfeiture 722(9)
§10.9.1 Domestic Violence and Protective Orders 722(1)
Wisconsin Domestic Abuse Restraining Order Statute 722(3)
Cot v. Cote (1992) 725(1)
Problem 726(1)
§10.9.2 Forfeiture for a Family Member's Illegal Conduct 726(5)
V The Legal Framework of the Market for Shelter 731(338)
11 Leaseholds 733(102)
§11.1 Leasehold Estates 733(14)
§11.1.1 Commercial and Residential Tenancies 733(1)
§11.1.2 Categories of Tenancies 734(1)
§11.1.3 Statute of Frauds 735(1)
§11.1.4 Regulation of Landlord-Tenant `Relationships 735(2)
§11.1.5 Distinguishing Tenancies from Other Property Relationships 736
Vasquez V. Glassboro Service Association Inc. (1980) 737(6)
Notes and Questions 743(3)
Problems 746(1)
§11.2 Conflicts About Occupancy 747(23)
§11.2.1 Initial Occupancy: Landlord's Duty to Deliver Possesion 747(1)
§11.2.2 During the Leasehold 748(1)
§11.2.2.1 Landlord's Right to Inspect and Repair 748(1)
Uniform Residential Landlord and Tenant Act 748(1)
Problem 749(1)
§11.2.2.2 Tenant's Right to Receive Visitors and to Marry Problem 749(1)
§11.2.2.3 Tenant's Duties Not to Commit Waste or Cause a Nuisance, and the Problem of Domestic Violence 749(1)
Problem 749(1)
§11.2.2.4 Tenant's Good Faith Duty to Operate 750(1)
The College Block v. Atlantic Richfield Co. (1988) 750(2)
Notes and Questions 752(2)
Problem 754(1)
§11.2.3 Transfers of Leasehold Interests 754(1)
§11.2.3.1 Landlord's Right to Transfer the Reversion 754(1)
§11.2.3.2 Tenant's Right to Assign or Sublet 755(3)
Kendall v. Ernest Pestana, Inc: (1985) 758(5)
Slavin v. Rent Control Board of Brookline (1990) 763(2)
Notes and Questions 765(3)
Problems 768(1)
§11.2.4 End of the Tenancy: Landlord's Right to Recover Possession v. Tenant's Right to Remain (Just Cause Eviction and Foreclosure) 768(1)
Problems 769(1)
§11.3 Conflicts About Rent 770(12)
§11.3.1 Landlord's Remedies When Tenant Fails to Pay Rent: Summary Process 771(1)
§11.3.2 Landlord's Duty to Mitigate Damages 772(2)
Sommer v. Kridel (1977) 774(5)
Notes and Questions 779(2)
Problem 781(1)
§11.3.3 Security Deposits 781(1)
§11.3.4 Rent Control 782(1)
§11.4 Tenant's Rights to Habitable Premises 782(53)
§11.4.1 The Covenant of Quiet Enjoyment and Constructive Eviction 782(1)
Minjak Co. v. Randolph (1988) 782(3)
Blackett v. Olanoff (1976) 785(2)
Notes and Questions 787(3)
Problems 790(1)
§11.4.2 Warranty of Habitability 791(1)
§11.4.2.1 Landlord's Obligations to Provide Habitable Premises 791(1)
Javins v. First National Realty Corp. (1970) 792(6)
Uniform Residential Landlord and Tenant Act 798(4)
Notes and Questions 802(4)
Problems 806(1)
§11.4.2.2 Minimum Standards Regulations: Competing Arguments 807(9)
§11.4.3 Retaliatory Eviction 816(1)
Hillview Associates v. Bloomquist (1989) 816(5)
Imperial Colliery Co. v.Fout,(1988) 821(2)
Uniform Residential Landlord arid Tenant Act 823
Notes and Questions 82(746)
Problems 828(1)
§11.4.4 Landlord's Liability to Tenants 828(1)
§11.4.4.1 Consumer Protection Legislation 828(1)
Problem 829(1)
§11.4.4.2 Landlord's Tort Liability to Tenants 830(2)
Problems 832(3)
12 Real Estate Transactions 835(90)
§12.1 Structure of the Transaction 835(15)
§12.1.1 Attorney's Role 835(2)
§12.1.2 Brokers 837(3)
§12.1.3 Sales Contract 840(1)
§12.1.4 Executory Period 841(2)
§12.1.5 Closing 843(1)
§12.1.6 After the Closing 843(1)
Sample Offer to Purchase Real Estate 844(1)
Sample Purchase and Sale Agreement 845(4)
Sample Deed 849(1)
Sales Contract 850(22)
§12.2.1 Formalities: Statute of Frauds versus Par Performance and Estoppel 850(1)
Burns v. McCormick (1922) 850(2)
Hickey v.Green 1982 852(2)
Gardner v. Gardner (1990) 854(1)
Notes and Questions 855(4)
§12.2.2 What Constitutes a Breach of the Contract 859(1)
§12.2.2.1 Misrepresentation and Fraudulent Nondisclosure 859(1)
Johnson v. Davis (1985) 859(3)
Notes and Questions 862(6)
Problem 868(1)
§12.2.2.2 Seller's Failure to Provide Marketable Title 869(1)
§12.2.2.3 Seller's Breach of Warranty of Habitability 869(1)
§12.2.2.4 Buyer's Failure to Make Good Faith Efforts to Obtain Financing 869(1)
§12.2.3 Remedies for Breach of the Purchase and Sale Agreement 870(1)
§12.2.3.1 Buyer's Remedies 870(1)
§12.2.3.2 Seller's Remedies 871(1)
§12.2.4 Risk of Loss During the Executory Period: Equitable Conversion 871(1)
§12.3 Deeds and Title Protection 872(21)
§12.3.1 Formalities 872(1)
§12.3.1.1 Essential Terms 872(1)
§12.3.1.2 Delivery 873(1)
§12.3.2 Title Covenants 874(1)
§12.3.2.1 Warranties of Title 874(2)
§12.3.2.2 Remedies for Breach of Warranty of Title 876(1)
§12.3.3 Recording Acts 876(1)
§12.3.3.1 The Recording System 876(2)
§12.3.3.2 How to Conduct a Title Search 878(1)
§12.3.3.3 Types of Recording Acts 879(1)
§12.3.3.4 Chain of Title Problems 880(1)
Sabo v. Horvath (1976) 880(2)
Notes and Questions 882(4)
Problems 886(1)
§12.3.3.5 Fraud and Forgery 886(1)
Zurstrassen v. Stonier (2001) 886(3)
McCoy v. Love 889(1)
Notes and Questions 890(2)
§12.3.4 Marketable Title Acts 892(1)
§12.3.5 Title Insurance 892(1)
§12.3.6 Title Registration 892(1)
§12.4 Real Estate Finance 893(32)
§12.4.1 Mortgages 893(1)
§12.4.1.1 Debtor Protection Legislation 893(4)
§12.4.1.2 Origins of the Subprime Mortgage Crisis 897(7)
§12.4.1.3 Regulating the Foreclosure Process 904(1)
Central Financial Services, Inc. v. Spears (1983) 904(2)
Problems 906(1)
§12.4.1.4 Subprime Mortgages 907(1)
Commonwealth v. Fremont Investment & Loan (2008) 907(1)
M & T Mortgage v. Foy (2008) 907(3)
Notes and Questions 910(2)
Problems 912(1)
§12.4.2 Installment Land Contracts 913(1)
§12.4.2.1 Forfeiture 914(1)
Stonebraker v. Zinn (1982) 914(2)
§12.4.2.2 Making Mortgage Protection Nondisclaimable 916(1)
Sebastian v. Floyd (1979) 916(1)
Notes and Questions 917(3)
§12.4.3 Equitable Mortgages 920(1)
Koenig. v. Van Reken (1979) 920(1)
Notes and Questions 921(2)
Problem 923(2)
13 Fair Housing Law 925(102)
§13.1 Intentional Discrimination or Discriminatory Treatment 925(59)
§13.1.1 Fair Housing Act 925(1)
Fair Houssing Act, 42, U.S.C. §3601-3605, 3607-3613, 3617, 3631 925(6)
§13.1.2 Discrimination by Housing Providers 931(1)
Asbury v. Brougham (1989) 931(5)
United States v. Starrett City Associates (1988) 936(3)
Notes and Questions 939(5)
Problems 944(2)
§13.1.3 Civil Rights Act of 1866 946(1)
City of Memphis v. Greene (1981) 946(2)
Problems 948(1)
§13.1.4 Sex Discrimination: Sexual Harassment 948(1)
Edouard v. Kozubal (2002) 948(4)
Notes and Questions 952(2)
Problems 954(1)
§13.1.5 Discrimination Based on Family Status 955(1)
§13.1.5.1 Familial Status: Families with Children 955(1)
Human Rights Commission v. LaBrie, Inc. (1995) 955(4)
Problems 959(1)
§13.1.5.2 Marital Status: Unmarried Couples 960(1)
McCready v. Hoffius (1999) 960(7)
Notes and Questions 967(3)
Problems 970(1)
§13.1.6 Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation 970(1)
State ex rel Sprague v. City of Madison (1996) 970(2)
Notes and Questions 972(2)
Problems 974(1)
§13.1.7 Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities 975(1)
§13.1.7.1 Persons with AIDS 975(1)
Poff v. Caro (1987) 975(1)
Notes and Questions 976(2)
§13.1.7.2 Reasonable Accommodation of Persons with Disabilities 978(1)
Problems 979(1)
§13.1.8 Economic Discrimination 980(1)
§13.1.8.1 Welfare Recipients 980(1)
DiLiddo v. Oxford Street Realty, Inc. (2007) 980(2)
§13.1.8.2 Discrimination Based on Income 982(2)
§13.2 Disparate Impact Claims 984(43)
§13.2.1 Racially Discriminatory Zoning Practices 984(1)
Huntington Branch, NAAGP-V.Town of Huntington (1988) 984(7)
Notes and Questions 991(1)
Problems 992(2)
§13.2.2 Sex Discrimination: Shelters for Battered Women 994(1)
Doe v. City of Butler (1989) 994(1)
Problems 995(1)
§13.2.3 Nontraditional Families 996(1)
§13.2.3.1 Restrictive Covenants 996(1)
§13.2.3.2 Exclusionary Zoning 996(1)
(a) Federal Constitution 996(1)
Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas (1974) 996(3)
(b) State Constitutions 999(1)
Charter Township of Delta v. Dinolfo (1984) 999(3)
Notes and Questions 1002(1)
(c) Fair Housing Act 1003(1)
Problem 1003(1)
§13.2.4 Group Homes for Persons with Disabilities 1004(1)
§13.2.4.1 AIDS Hospices 1004(1)
Association of Relatives and Friends of AIDS Patients (A.F.A.P.S.) v. Regulations and Permits Administration, or Administracion de Reglamentos y Permisos (A.R.P.E.) (1990) 1004(2)
§13.2.4.2 Group Homes for Persons with Mental Illness 1006(1)
Familystyle of St. Paul, Inc. v. City of St. Paul (1991) 1006(1)
Notes and Questions 1007(4)
Problems 1011(1)
§13.2.5 Sexual Orientation 1011(1)
Problem 1011(1)
§13.2.6 Religion 1012(1)
Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act 1012(1)
Problems 1012(2)
§13.2.7 National Origin Discrimination 1014(1)
Problem 1014(1)
§13.2.8 Land Use Regulation and Low-Income Families 1014(1)
§13.2.8.1 Exclusionary Zoning 1014(1)
Southern Burlington County, NAACP v.Township of Mount Laurel (1975) 1014(8)
Notes and Questions 1022(4)
§13.2.8.2 Homelessness 1026(1)
14 Zoning: Governmental Land Use Planning 1027(42)
§14.1 The Planning Process 1027(11)
§14.1.1 Constitutional Source for Zoning Authority 1027(1)
§14.1.2 Legislative Process: Enacting the Zoning Ordinance 1028(1)
§14.1.2.1 Zoning Enabling Acts 1028(1)
§14.1.2.2 The Comprehensive Plan and Zoning Ordinance 1028(2)
§14.1.2.3 Planned Unit Developments 1030(1)
§14.1.2.4 Conditional or Contract Zoning 1030(1)
Durand v. IDC Bellingham, LLC (2003) 1031(6)
§14.1.3 Administrative Procedures: The Zoning Board of Adjustment 1037(1)
§14.2 Zoning: Police Power and Property Rights 1038(21)
§14.2.1 Limits to Zoning Laws Designed to Protect Preexisting Property Rights 1038(1)
§14.2.1.1 Prior Nonconforming Uses 1038(1)
Town of Belleville v. Parrillo's, Inc. (1980) 1038(3)
§14.2.1.2 Variances 1041(1)
Cochran v. Fairfax County Board of zoning Appeals (2004) 1041(5)
Notes and Questions 1046(2)
§14.2.1.3 Vested Rights 1048(1)
Stone v. City of Wilton (1983) 1048(4)
Notes and Questions 1052(1)
Problems 1052(1)
§14.2.2 Limits on Preferential Zoning 1053(1)
§14.2.2.1 Special Exceptions 1053(1)
§14.2.2.2 Spot Zoning 1054(1)
§14.2.3 Exclusionary Zoning 1055(1)
§14.2.4 Equal Protection, Substantive Due Process, and Free Speech 1055(1)
Village of Willowbrook v. Olech (2000) 1055(1)
Notes and Questions 1056(2)
Problems 1058(1)
§14.2.5 Religious Land Uses 1059(1)
§14.3 Ethical Issues in Real Estate Development: SLAPP Suits 1059(3)
Problem 1061(1)
§14.4 Environmental Regulations: Liability of Property Owners for Cleanup of Hazardous Waste 1062(7)
Acme Laundry Co. v. Secretary of Environmental Affairs (1991) 1063(6)
VI Constitutional Protection for Property 1069(138)
15 Regulatory Takings Law 1071(136)
§15.1 Property as a Mediator Between Citizens and the State 1071(3)
§15.1.1 Defining versus Defending Property Rights 1071(2)
§15.1.2 The Eminent Domain Power and the Condemnation Process 1073(1)
§15.2 Public Use 1074(32)
§15.2.1 Federal Constitution 1074(1)
Kelo v. City of New London (2005) 1074(15)
§15.2.2 State Law 1089(1)
§15.2.2.1 State Constitutions 1089(2)
§15.2.2.2 State Statutes 1091(1)
Problems 1091(2)
§15.3 Just Compensation 1093(4)
§15.4 The Regulatory Takings Doctrine 1097(1)
§15.4.1 Historical Origins 1097(1)
Mugler v. Kansas (1887) 1097(1)
Powell v. Pennsylvania (1888) 1097(1)
Hadacheck v. Sebastian (1915) 1097(1)
Buchanan v. Warley (1917) 1098(1)
Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon (1922) 1098(2)
Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co. (1926) 1100(2)
Nectow v. City of Cambridge (1928) 1102(1)
§15.4.2 "Categorical" Takings andthe Ad Hoc Test 1103(3)
§15.5 Ad Hoc Test: Fairness and Justice 1106(22)
Miller v. Schoene (1928) 1106(2)
Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City (1978) 1108(7)
Keystone Bituminous Coal Association v. DeBenedictis (1987) 1115(1)
Notes and Questions 1116(10)
Problems 1126(2)
§15.6 Categorical Takings 1128(40)
§15.6.1 Physical Invasions 1128(1)
PruneYard Shopping Center v. Robins (1980) 1128(3)
Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp (1982) 1131(5)
Notes and Questions 1136(7)
Problems 1143(1)
§15.6.2 Deprivation of Economically Viable Use 1144(1)
Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council (1992) 1144(14)
Palazzolo v. Rhode Island (2001) 1158(3)
Tahoe-Sierra Presentation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency (2002) 1161(2)
Notes and Questions 1163(3)
Problems 1166(2)
§15.7 Special Cases 1168(39)
§15.7.1 Deprivation of Core Property Rights 1168(1)
Babbitt v. Youpee (1997) 1169(5)
Notes and Questions 1174(3)
Problems 1177(1)
§15.7.2 Vested Rights 1178(1)
§15.7.2.1 Established Investments 1178(1)
Kaiser Aetna V. United States (1979) 1179(1)
Eastern Enterprises v. Apfel (1998) 1179(2)
Problems 1181(1)
§15.7.2.2 Forfeiture and the Innocent Owner 1182(1)
Bennis v. Michigan (1996) 1182(4)
Notes and Questions 1186(1)
Problems 1187(1)
§15.7.3 Exactions and Linkage Requirements 1188(1)
Dolan v. City of Tigard (1994) 1188(11)
Notes and Questions 1199(3)
Problems 1202(5)
Table of Cases 1207(16)
Table of Statutes 1223(14)
Index 1237
Preface xxxvii
A Guide to the Book xliii
How to Brief a Case and Prepare for Class lvii
Acknowledgments lxiii
I Property in a Free and Democratic Society 1(184)
1 Trespass Resolving Conflicts Between the Right to Exclude and the Right of Access 3(68)
§1.1 Trespass 3(30)
§1.1.1 Public Policy Limits on the Right to Exclude 3(1)
State v. Shack (1971) 3(5)
Desnick v. American Broadcasting Companies (1995) 8(4)
Notes and Questions 12(4)
Problems 16(1)
§1.1.2 Right of Reasonable Access to Property Open to the Public 16(1)
Uston v. Resorts International Hotel, Inc. (1982) 16(3)
Notes and Questions 19(4)
Problems 23(1)
§1.1.3 Trespass Remedies 24(1)
Glavin v. Eckman (2008) 24(4)
Jacque v. Steenberg Homes, Inc. (1997) 28(4)
Notes and Questions 32(1)
§1.2 Public Accommodations Statutes 33(19)
§1.2.1 The Antidiscrimination Principle 33(1)
§1.2.1.1 Federal Law (Race, Color, Religion, National Origin) 33(1)
Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title II 33(1)
Civil Rights Act of 1866 34(1)
Notes and Questions 35(4)
Problems 39(1)
§1.2.1.2 State Laws (Sex, Sexual Orientation, Age, Marital Status) 40(1)
New Jersey Law Against Discrimination 40(2)
Notes and Questions 42(1)
Problems 43(1)
§1.2.2 Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities 44(1)
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Title III 44(5)
Problems 49(3)
§1.3 Free Speech Rights of Access to Private Property 52(4)
Problems 55(1)
§1.4 Beach Access and the Public Trust 56(10)
Matthews v. Bay Head Improvement Association (1984) 56(6)
Notes and Questions 62(3)
Problems 65(1)
§1.5 The Right to Be Somewhere and the Problem of Homelessness 66(5)
Problem 69(2)
2 The Framework of Property Relations in a Democracy 71(26)
§2.1 Democratic Property 71(13)
§2.1.1 The Anti-feudal Principle 71(1)
DePeyster v. Michael (1852) 71(6)
Notes and Questions 77(3)
Problems 80(1)
§2.1.2 Ownership in a Society of Free and Equal Persons 80(1)
§2.1.2.1 Abolition of Slavery and Racial Segregation 80(1)
§2.1.2.2 Decline of Company Towns 81(1)
§2.1.2.3 Equal Rights for Women 82(1)
§2.1.2.4 Abolition of Alien Land Laws 83(1)
§2.2 Consumer Protection and the Subprime Mortgage Crisis 84(13)
Commonwealth v. Fremont Investment & Loan (2008) 84(9)
Notes and Questions 93(4)
3 Competing Claims to Property 97(88)
§3.1 Conquest 97(28)
§3.1.1 Property Rights Derived from Competing Sovereigns 97(1)
Johnson v. M'Intosh (1823) 98(10)
Notes and Questions 108(1)
§3.1.2 Forced Seizures of Property from American Indian Nations 109(1)
Tee-Hit-Ton Indians v. United States (1955) 109(5)
United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians (1980) 114(2)
County of Oneida v. Oneida Indian Nation (1985) 116(3)
Navajo Nation v. United States (2009) 119(1)
Notes and Questions 120(1)
Problems 121(4)
§3.2 Government Grant 125(6)
§3.2.1 Homestead Acts and Land Grants 125(2)
§3.2.2 Squatters 127(1)
§3.2.3 Freed Slaves 128(1)
Notes and Questions 129(1)
Problem 129(1)
§3.2.4 The Right of Families to Stay Together and Basic Needs Fulfillment 129(2)
§3.3 Labor and Investment 131(15)
International News Service v. Associated Press (1918) 131(10)
Notes and Questions 141(3)
Problems 144(2)
§3.4 Parents and Children 146(6)
§3.4.1 Child Support 146(1)
Bayliss v. Bayliss (1989) 146(3)
Notes and Questions 149(1)
Problems 150(1)
§3.4.2 Gifts and Inheritance 151(1)
Problems 151(1)
§3.5 Possession 152(25)
§3.5.1 Wild Animals and Baseballs 152(1)
Pierson v. Post (1805) 152(4)
Popov v. Hayashi (2002) 156(2)
Notes and Questions 158(2)
Problem 160(1)
§3.5.2 Oil and Gas 160(1)
Elliff v. Texon Drilling Co. (1948) 160(4)
Problem 164(1)
§3.5.3 Water 164(1)
§3.5.3.1 Groundwater 165(1)
§3.5.3.2 Surface Water 166(1)
Problems 167(1)
§3.5.4 Finders 168(1)
Willcox v. Stroup (2006) 168(3)
Charrier v. Bell (1986) 171(4)
Notes and Questions 175(1)
Problems 176(1)
§3.6 Transfer: Relativity of Title 177(8)
§3.6.1 Real Property 177(1)
Tapscott v. Lessee of Cobbs (1854) 177(3)
Notes and Questions 180(1)
Problem 181(1)
§3.6.2 Personal Property 181(1)
Problem 182(3)
II What Can Be Owned? 185(94)
4 Intellectual Property 187(68)
§4.1 Intangible Property 187(1)
§4.2 Unfair Competition and Misappropriation 188(1)
§4.3 Trademark Law 188(6)
Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co. (1995) 189(3)
Notes and Questions 192(1)
Problem 193(1)
§4.4 Copyright Law 194(37)
§4.4.1 Original Works of Authorship 194(1)
Copyright Act of 1976 194(1)
Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Telephone Service Co. (1991) 195(4)
§4.4.2 Contributory Infringement 199(2)
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd. (2005) 201(17)
§4.4.3 Fair Use 218(1)
Suntrust Bank v. Houghton Mifflin Co. (2001) 218(11)
Problems 229(2)
§4.5 Patent Law 231(10)
§4.5.1 Property in Genetic Information 231(1)
Moore v. Regents of the University of California (1990) 231(7)
Notes and Questions 238(1)
Problem 239(1)
§4.5.2 Business Methods 239(2)
§4.6 Publicity Rights 241(12)
Center for Social Change v. American Heritage Products (1982) 241(8)
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Notes and Questions 249(3)
Problems 252(1)
§4.7 Moral Rights 253(2)
5 Human Beings and Human Bodies 255(24)
§5.1 Property Rights in Human Beings 255(1)
§5.2 Slavery 256(6)
Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) 256(4)
The Antelope (1825) 260(1)
Notes and Questions 261(1)
§5.3 Children 262(8)
In the Matter of Baby M (1988) 262(5)
Notes and Questions 267(3)
§5.4 Frozen Embryos 270(4)
§5.5 Body Parts and Human Genes 274(1)
§5.6 American Indian Human Remains 274(5)
Wana the Bear v. Community Construction, Inc. (1982) 274(2)
Notes and Questions 276(1)
Problems 277(2)
III Relations Among Neighbors 279(314)
6 Adverse Possession 281(52)
§6.1 Title versus Possession 281(21)
§6.1.1 Border Disputes 281(1)
Brown v. Gobble (1996) 281(6)
§6.1.2 Color of Title 287(1)
Romero v. Garcia (1976) 287(2)
§6.1.3 Squatters 289(1)
Nome 2000 v. Fagerstrom (1990) 289(5)
Notes and Questions 294(8)
§6.2 Hohfeldian Terminology 302(2)
§6.3 Justifications for Adverse Possession: "Roots Which We Should Not Disturb" or "Land Piracy"? 304(7)
Problems 310(1)
§6.4 Prescriptive Easements 311(8)
Community Feed Store, Inc. v. Northeastern Culvert Corp. (1989) 311(3)
Notes and Questions 314(4)
Problems 318(1)
§6.5 Other Informal Ways to Transfer Title to Real Property 319(11)
§6.5.1 The Improving Trespasser 319(1)
§6.5.1.1 Removal of Encroaching Structure: Relative Hardship 319(3)
§6.5.1.2 Unjust Enrichment versus Forced Sale 322(1)
Somerville v. Jacobs (1969) 322(4)
Notes and Questions 326(1)
Problem 327(1)
§6.5.2 Boundary Settlement 328(1)
§6.5.2.1 Oral Agreement 328(1)
§6.5.2.2 Acquiescence 328(1)
§6.5.2.3 Estoppel 328(1)
§6.5.2.4 Laches 329(1)
§6.5.3 Dedication 329(1)
§6.5.4 Riparian Owners: Accretion and Avulsion 330(1)
§6.6 Adverse Possession of Personal Property 330(3)
Problem 331(2)
7 Nuisance: Resolving Conflicts Between Free Use and Quiet Enjoyment 333(90)
§7.1 Land Use Conflicts Among Neighbors 333(4)
§7.1.1 Trespassory and Nontrespassory Invasions 333(1)
§7.1.2 Basic Solutions to Land Use Conflicts Between Neighbors 334(1)
§7.1.2.1 Entitlements 334(1)
§7.1.2.2 Remedies 335(1)
§7.1.3 The Reciprocal Nature of the Problem 336(1)
§7.2 Water Rights 337(11)
§7.2.1 Diffuse Surface Water: Flooding Problems 337(1)
§7.2.1.1 Legal Doctrines 337(1)
Armstrong v. Francis Corp. (1956) 337(4)
Notes and Questions 341(2)
§7.2.1.2 Policy Arguments 343(1)
Rights: Freedom of Action versus Security 343(1)
Social Utility: Competition versus Secure Investment 344(2)
Formal Realizability or Administrability: Rigid Rules versus Flexible Standards 346(1)
Problem 347(1)
§7.2.2 Water as a Commercial Resource 348(1)
§7.3 Support Easements 348(20)
§7.3.1 Lateral Support 348(1)
§7.3.1.1 Common Law 348(1)
Noone v. Price (1982) 348(5)
Notes and Questions 353(2)
§7.3.1.2 Building Codes and Private Rights of Action 355(1)
Massachusetts General Laws 355(1)
Massachusetts State Building Code 356(1)
Notes and Questions 356(1)
Problem 357(1)
§7.3.2 Subjacent Support 357(1)
Friendswood Development Co. v. Smith-Southwest Industries, Inc. (1978) 357(7)
Notes and Questions 364(3)
Problem 367(1)
§7.4 Nuisance 368(55)
§7.4.1 Protection of Use and Enjoyment of Land 368(2)
§7.4.2 Defining Unreasonable Land Use 370(1)
Page County Appliance Center, Inc. v. Honeywell, Inc. (1984) 370(3)
Fancher v. Fagella (2007) 373(3)
Notes and Questions 376(7)
Problems 383(1)
§7.4.3 Light and Air 384(1)
§7.4.3.1 Rejection of Nuisance Doctrine: No Easement for Light and Air 384(1)
Fontainebleau Hotel Corp. v. Forty-Five Twenty-Five Inc.(1959) 384(2)
Law and Economics 386(17)
§7.4.3.2 Nuisance Doctrine Applied to Light 403(1)
Prah v. Maretti (1982) 403(6)
Notes and Questions 409(2)
Arguments and Counterarguments 411(12)
8 Servitudes: Rules Governing Contractual Restrictions on Land Use 423(170)
§8.1 Servitudes 423(2)
§8.2 Licenses 425(1)
§8.3 Easements 426(49)
§8.3.1 Creation by Implication 426(1)
§8.3.1.1 Easements by Estoppel (Irrevocable Licenses) 426(1)
Holbrook v. Taylor (1976) 427(2)
§8.3.1.2 Constructive Trusts 429(1)
Rase v. Castle Mountain Ranch, Inc. (1981) 429(6)
Notes and Questions 435(4)
Problem 439(1)
§8.3.1.3 Prescriptive Easements 439(1)
§8.3.1.4 Easements Implied from Prior Use 439(1)
Granite Properties Limited Partnership v. Manns (1987) 439(7)
§8.3.1.5 Easements by Necessity 446(1)
Finn v. Williams (1941) 446(2)
Notes and Questions 448(3)
Problems 451(1)
§8.3.2 Creation by Express Agreement 452(1)
§8.3.2 Historical Background 452(1)
§8.3.2.2 Formal Requirements to Create 452(1)
(a) Writing (Statute of Frauds) 452(1)
Arizona Statute of Frauds 452(1)
Notes and Questions 453(1)
(b) Rule Against Reserving an Easement in a Third Party 453(1)
§8.3.2.3 Validity: Substantive Limitations on the Kinds of Easements That Can Be Created 454(1)
(a) Limits on Negative Easements 454(1)
(b) No Affirmative Easements to Act on One's Own Land 455(1)
§8.3.2.4 Running with the Land 456(1)
(a) Requirements for the Burden to Run with the Land 456(2)
(b) Requirements for the Benefit to Run with the Land (Appurtenant versus In Gross) 458(1)
Green v. Lupo (1982) 458(2)
Notes and Questions 460(2)
Problem 462(1)
§8.3.3 Interpretation of Ambiguous Easements: Scope and Apportionment 463(1)
§8.3.3.1 Appurtenant Easements 463(1)
Cox v. Glenbrook Co. (1962) 463(5)
§8.3.3.2 Easements in Gross 468(1)
Henley v. Continental Cablevision of St. Louis County, Inc. (1985) 468(3)
Notes and Questions 471(3)
Problems 474(1)
§8.3.4 Modifying and Terminating Easements 475(1)
§8.4 Covenants 475(57)
§8.4.1 Historical Background 475(2)
§8.4.2 Creation of Covenants 477(1)
§8.4.2.1 Express Agreement 477(1)
Winn-Dixie Stores, Inc. v. Dolgencorp, Inc. (2007) 477(4)
Whitinsville Plaza v. Kotseas (1979) 481(1)
Davidson Bros., Inc. v. D. Katz & Sons, Inc. (1990) 482(2)
Notes and Questions 484(16)
Problems 500(1)
§8.4.2.2 Implied Reciprocal Negative Servitudes in Residential Subdivisions 501(1)
Evans v. Pollock (1990) 502(4)
Sanborn v. McLean (1925) 506(1)
Riley v. Bear Creek Planning Committee (1976) 506(1)
Notes and Questions 507(4)
Problems 511(1)
§8.4.3 Interpretation of Ambiguous Covenants 512(1)
Blevins v. Barry-Lawrence County Association for Retarded Citizens (1986) 512(3)
Notes and Questions 515(3)
Problems 518(1)
§8.4.4 Modifying and Terminating Covenants 519(1)
§8.4.4.1 Changed Conditions 519(1)
El Di, Inc. v. Town of Bethany Beach (1984) 519(3)
Notes and Questions 522(2)
§8.4.4.2 Relative Hardship 524(1)
§8.4.4.3 Other Equitable Defenses 525(1)
§8.4.4.4 Statutes 526(1)
Massachusetts General Laws 526(1)
Blakeley v. Gorin (1974) 527(4)
Notes and Questions 531(1)
Problems 531(1)
§8.5 Regulation of Covenants and Homeowners Associations 532(61)
§8.5.1 Common Interest Communities 532(1)
§8.5.1.1 Homeowners-Associations and Condominiums 532(2)
§8.5.1.2 Cooperatives 534(1)
§8.5.1.3 Community Land Trusts and Limited Equity Coops 534(2)
§8.5.1.4 Private Governments and Gated Communities 536(1)
§8.5.2 Relations Between Unit Owners and Developers 536(1)
Appel v. Presley Cos.(1991) 536(3)
Notes and Questions 539(1)
§8.5.3 Racially Discriminatory Covenants 540(1)
Shelley v. Kraemer (1948) 541(6)
Evans v. Abney (1970) 547(1)
Notes and Questions 548(3)
Problems 551(1)
§8.5.4 Restraints on Alienation 551(1)
§8.5.4.1 Direct Restraints on Alienation 552(1)
Horse Pond Fish & Game Club, Inc. v. Cormier (1990) 552(3)
§8.5.4.2 Grantor Consent Clauses 555(1)
Northwest Real Estate Co. v. Serio (1929) 555(1)
Riste v. Eastern Washington Bible Camp, Inc. (1980) 556(1)
§8.5.4.3 Rights of First Refusal or Preemptive Rights 557(1)
Wolinsky v. Kadison (1983) 557(3)
Notes and Questions 560(5)
§8.5.4.4 Restrictions on Leasing 565(1)
Woodside Village Condominium Association, Inc. v. Jahren (2002) 565(5)
Notes and Questions 570(1)
§8.5.5 Anticompetitive Covenants 571(1)
Problem 572(1)
§8.5.6 Public Policy Limitations and Review for Reasonableness 573(1)
§8.5.6.1 Covenants 573(1)
Davidson Brothers, Inc. v. D. Katz & Sons, Inc. (1994) 573(5)
Notes and Questions 578(3)
Problems 581(2)
§8.5.6.2 Rules and ByLaws 583(1)
O'Buck v. Cottonwood Village Condominium Association, Inc. (1988) 583(3)
Neuman v. Grandview at Emerald Hills, Inc. (2003) 586(2)
Notes and Questions 588(2)
Problems 590(3)
IV Ownership in Common 593(138)
9 Present Estates and Future Interests 595(68)
§9.1 Division of Ownership Over Time 595(3)
§9.2 Historical Background: From Feudalism to the Market 598(9)
§9.2.1 The Feudal Hierarchy 598(3)
§9.2.2 Growth of the Fee Simple 601(1)
§9.2.3 Avoiding Feudal Incidents 602(1)
§9.2.4 The Perpetual Conflict Between the Generations: Dead Hand Control and Alienability 603(2)
§9.2.5 Legal and Equitable Interests: Executory Interests and the Development of Trusts 605(2)
§9.3 The Contemporary Estates System 607(9)
§9.3.1 Fee Simple Interests 607(1)
§9.3.1.1 Fee Simple Absolute 607(1)
§9.3.1.2 Defeasible Fees 608(2)
§9.3.2 Life Estates 610(1)
§9.3.2.1 Reversions and Remainders 610(1)
§9.3.2.2 Contingent and Vested Remainders 611(1)
§9.3.2.3 Destructibility of Contingent Remainders 612(1)
§9.3.2.4 Doctrine of Worthier Title 613(1)
§9.3.2.5 Rule in Shelley's Case 614(1)
§9.3.3 Fee Tail 614(2)
§9.3.4 Trusts 616(1)
§9.4 Interpretation of Ambiguous Conveyances 616(10)
§9.4.1 Presumption Against Forfeitures and the Grantor's Intent 616(1)
§9.4.1.1 Fee Simple versus Defeasible Fee 616(1)
Wood v. Board of County Commissioners of Fremont County (1988) 616(3)
Cathedral of the Incarnation in the Diocese of Long Island, Inc. v. Garden City Co. (1999) 619(1)
§9.4.1.2 Fee Simple versus Life Estate 619(1)
Edwards v. Bradley (1984) 619(2)
Notes and Questions 621(4)
§9.4.2 Trusts and the Cy Pres Doctrine 625(1)
§9.5 Regulatory Rules 626(37)
§9.5.1 Rule Against Creation of New Estates (The Numerus Clausus Doctrine) 627(1)
Johnson v. Whiton (1893) 627(1)
§9.5.2 Rule Against Unreasonable Restraints on Alienation 628(1)
§9.5.3 Rule Against Perpetuities 628(1)
§9.5.3.1 Traditional Rule 628(5)
§9.5.3.2 Modern Modifications 633(3)
§9.5.3.3 Other Statutory Limits on Future Interests 636(1)
§9.5.3.4 Examples and Explanations 637(4)
§9.5.3.5 Options to Purchase 641(1)
Central Delaware County Authority v. Greyhound Corp. (1991) 641(3)
Notes and Questions 644(5)
Problem 649(1)
§9.5.4 Waste 650(1)
Moore v. Phillips (1981) 650(3)
Notes and Questions 653(1)
§9.5.5 Racial Conditions 654(2)
Problem 656(2)
§9.5.6 Rule Against Unreasonable Restraints on Marriage 658(1)
Lewis v. Searles (1970) 658(3)
Notes and Questions 661(2)
10 Concurrent Ownership and Family Property 663(68)
§10.1 Varieties of Common Ownership 663(1)
§10.2 Rights and Obligations of Co-owners 664(7)
§10.2.1 Tenancy in Common and Joint Tenancy 664(6)
§10.2.2 Tenancy by the Entirety 670(1)
§10.3 Conflicts over Rent and Possession 671(3)
Olivas v. Olivas (1989) 671(2)
Notes and Questions 673(1)
Problems 673(1)
§10.4 Conflicts over Transfers by One Co-owner 674(14)
§10.4.1 Tenancy in Common and Joint Tenancy 674(1)
§10.4.1.1 Family Conflicts over Use of Common Property 674(1)
Carr v. Deking (1988) 674(1)
§10.4.1.2 Death 675(1)
Tenhet v. Boswell (1976) 675(4)
§10.4.1.3 Divorce 679(1)
Kresha v. Kresha (1985) 679(1)
Notes and Questions 680(2)
Problem 682(1)
§10.4.2 Tenancy by the Entirety 682(1)
Sawada v. Endo (1977) 682(4)
Notes and Questions 686(1)
Problem 687(1)
§10.5 Marital Property 688(19)
§10.5.1 Historical Background 688(1)
§10.5.1.1 Coverture, Dower, and Curtesy 688(1)
§10.5.1.2 Married Women's Property Acts 689(1)
§10.5.2 Community Property and Separate Property 690(1)
§10.5.2.1 Separate Property 690(1)
§10.5.2.2 Community Property 691(1)
§10.5.2.3 Premarital Agreements 692(1)
§10.5.2.4 Homestead Laws 693(1)
§10.5.3 Divorce: Equitable Distribution of Property 694(1)
Montana Equitable Distribution Statute 695(1)
In re Marriage of King (1985) 696(1)
O'Brien v. O'Brien (1985) 697(6)
Notes and Questions 703(3)
Problems 706(1)
§10.6 Unmarried Partners 707(10)
Watts v. Watts (1987) 707(4)
Notes and Questions 711(6)
Problem 717(1)
§10.7 Same-Sex Partners 717(5)
§10.7.1 Marriage, Civil Unions, and Domestic Partnership 717(2)
§10.7.2 Contracts 719(1)
Problems 720(2)
§10.8 Child Support 722(1)
§10.9 Forfeiture 722(9)
§10.9.1 Domestic Violence and Protective Orders 722(1)
Wisconsin Domestic Abuse Restraining Order Statute 722(3)
Cot v. Cote (1992) 725(1)
Problem 726(1)
§10.9.2 Forfeiture for a Family Member's Illegal Conduct 726(5)
V The Legal Framework of the Market for Shelter 731(338)
11 Leaseholds 733(102)
§11.1 Leasehold Estates 733(14)
§11.1.1 Commercial and Residential Tenancies 733(1)
§11.1.2 Categories of Tenancies 734(1)
§11.1.3 Statute of Frauds 735(1)
§11.1.4 Regulation of Landlord-Tenant `Relationships 735(2)
§11.1.5 Distinguishing Tenancies from Other Property Relationships 736
Vasquez V. Glassboro Service Association Inc. (1980) 737(6)
Notes and Questions 743(3)
Problems 746(1)
§11.2 Conflicts About Occupancy 747(23)
§11.2.1 Initial Occupancy: Landlord's Duty to Deliver Possesion 747(1)
§11.2.2 During the Leasehold 748(1)
§11.2.2.1 Landlord's Right to Inspect and Repair 748(1)
Uniform Residential Landlord and Tenant Act 748(1)
Problem 749(1)
§11.2.2.2 Tenant's Right to Receive Visitors and to Marry Problem 749(1)
§11.2.2.3 Tenant's Duties Not to Commit Waste or Cause a Nuisance, and the Problem of Domestic Violence 749(1)
Problem 749(1)
§11.2.2.4 Tenant's Good Faith Duty to Operate 750(1)
The College Block v. Atlantic Richfield Co. (1988) 750(2)
Notes and Questions 752(2)
Problem 754(1)
§11.2.3 Transfers of Leasehold Interests 754(1)
§11.2.3.1 Landlord's Right to Transfer the Reversion 754(1)
§11.2.3.2 Tenant's Right to Assign or Sublet 755(3)
Kendall v. Ernest Pestana, Inc: (1985) 758(5)
Slavin v. Rent Control Board of Brookline (1990) 763(2)
Notes and Questions 765(3)
Problems 768(1)
§11.2.4 End of the Tenancy: Landlord's Right to Recover Possession v. Tenant's Right to Remain (Just Cause Eviction and Foreclosure) 768(1)
Problems 769(1)
§11.3 Conflicts About Rent 770(12)
§11.3.1 Landlord's Remedies When Tenant Fails to Pay Rent: Summary Process 771(1)
§11.3.2 Landlord's Duty to Mitigate Damages 772(2)
Sommer v. Kridel (1977) 774(5)
Notes and Questions 779(2)
Problem 781(1)
§11.3.3 Security Deposits 781(1)
§11.3.4 Rent Control 782(1)
§11.4 Tenant's Rights to Habitable Premises 782(53)
§11.4.1 The Covenant of Quiet Enjoyment and Constructive Eviction 782(1)
Minjak Co. v. Randolph (1988) 782(3)
Blackett v. Olanoff (1976) 785(2)
Notes and Questions 787(3)
Problems 790(1)
§11.4.2 Warranty of Habitability 791(1)
§11.4.2.1 Landlord's Obligations to Provide Habitable Premises 791(1)
Javins v. First National Realty Corp. (1970) 792(6)
Uniform Residential Landlord and Tenant Act 798(4)
Notes and Questions 802(4)
Problems 806(1)
§11.4.2.2 Minimum Standards Regulations: Competing Arguments 807(9)
§11.4.3 Retaliatory Eviction 816(1)
Hillview Associates v. Bloomquist (1989) 816(5)
Imperial Colliery Co. v.Fout,(1988) 821(2)
Uniform Residential Landlord arid Tenant Act 823
Notes and Questions 82(746)
Problems 828(1)
§11.4.4 Landlord's Liability to Tenants 828(1)
§11.4.4.1 Consumer Protection Legislation 828(1)
Problem 829(1)
§11.4.4.2 Landlord's Tort Liability to Tenants 830(2)
Problems 832(3)
12 Real Estate Transactions 835(90)
§12.1 Structure of the Transaction 835(15)
§12.1.1 Attorney's Role 835(2)
§12.1.2 Brokers 837(3)
§12.1.3 Sales Contract 840(1)
§12.1.4 Executory Period 841(2)
§12.1.5 Closing 843(1)
§12.1.6 After the Closing 843(1)
Sample Offer to Purchase Real Estate 844(1)
Sample Purchase and Sale Agreement 845(4)
Sample Deed 849(1)
Sales Contract 850(22)
§12.2.1 Formalities: Statute of Frauds versus Par Performance and Estoppel 850(1)
Burns v. McCormick (1922) 850(2)
Hickey v.Green 1982 852(2)
Gardner v. Gardner (1990) 854(1)
Notes and Questions 855(4)
§12.2.2 What Constitutes a Breach of the Contract 859(1)
§12.2.2.1 Misrepresentation and Fraudulent Nondisclosure 859(1)
Johnson v. Davis (1985) 859(3)
Notes and Questions 862(6)
Problem 868(1)
§12.2.2.2 Seller's Failure to Provide Marketable Title 869(1)
§12.2.2.3 Seller's Breach of Warranty of Habitability 869(1)
§12.2.2.4 Buyer's Failure to Make Good Faith Efforts to Obtain Financing 869(1)
§12.2.3 Remedies for Breach of the Purchase and Sale Agreement 870(1)
§12.2.3.1 Buyer's Remedies 870(1)
§12.2.3.2 Seller's Remedies 871(1)
§12.2.4 Risk of Loss During the Executory Period: Equitable Conversion 871(1)
§12.3 Deeds and Title Protection 872(21)
§12.3.1 Formalities 872(1)
§12.3.1.1 Essential Terms 872(1)
§12.3.1.2 Delivery 873(1)
§12.3.2 Title Covenants 874(1)
§12.3.2.1 Warranties of Title 874(2)
§12.3.2.2 Remedies for Breach of Warranty of Title 876(1)
§12.3.3 Recording Acts 876(1)
§12.3.3.1 The Recording System 876(2)
§12.3.3.2 How to Conduct a Title Search 878(1)
§12.3.3.3 Types of Recording Acts 879(1)
§12.3.3.4 Chain of Title Problems 880(1)
Sabo v. Horvath (1976) 880(2)
Notes and Questions 882(4)
Problems 886(1)
§12.3.3.5 Fraud and Forgery 886(1)
Zurstrassen v. Stonier (2001) 886(3)
McCoy v. Love 889(1)
Notes and Questions 890(2)
§12.3.4 Marketable Title Acts 892(1)
§12.3.5 Title Insurance 892(1)
§12.3.6 Title Registration 892(1)
§12.4 Real Estate Finance 893(32)
§12.4.1 Mortgages 893(1)
§12.4.1.1 Debtor Protection Legislation 893(4)
§12.4.1.2 Origins of the Subprime Mortgage Crisis 897(7)
§12.4.1.3 Regulating the Foreclosure Process 904(1)
Central Financial Services, Inc. v. Spears (1983) 904(2)
Problems 906(1)
§12.4.1.4 Subprime Mortgages 907(1)
Commonwealth v. Fremont Investment & Loan (2008) 907(1)
M & T Mortgage v. Foy (2008) 907(3)
Notes and Questions 910(2)
Problems 912(1)
§12.4.2 Installment Land Contracts 913(1)
§12.4.2.1 Forfeiture 914(1)
Stonebraker v. Zinn (1982) 914(2)
§12.4.2.2 Making Mortgage Protection Nondisclaimable 916(1)
Sebastian v. Floyd (1979) 916(1)
Notes and Questions 917(3)
§12.4.3 Equitable Mortgages 920(1)
Koenig. v. Van Reken (1979) 920(1)
Notes and Questions 921(2)
Problem 923(2)
13 Fair Housing Law 925(102)
§13.1 Intentional Discrimination or Discriminatory Treatment 925(59)
§13.1.1 Fair Housing Act 925(1)
Fair Houssing Act, 42, U.S.C. §3601-3605, 3607-3613, 3617, 3631 925(6)
§13.1.2 Discrimination by Housing Providers 931(1)
Asbury v. Brougham (1989) 931(5)
United States v. Starrett City Associates (1988) 936(3)
Notes and Questions 939(5)
Problems 944(2)
§13.1.3 Civil Rights Act of 1866 946(1)
City of Memphis v. Greene (1981) 946(2)
Problems 948(1)
§13.1.4 Sex Discrimination: Sexual Harassment 948(1)
Edouard v. Kozubal (2002) 948(4)
Notes and Questions 952(2)
Problems 954(1)
§13.1.5 Discrimination Based on Family Status 955(1)
§13.1.5.1 Familial Status: Families with Children 955(1)
Human Rights Commission v. LaBrie, Inc. (1995) 955(4)
Problems 959(1)
§13.1.5.2 Marital Status: Unmarried Couples 960(1)
McCready v. Hoffius (1999) 960(7)
Notes and Questions 967(3)
Problems 970(1)
§13.1.6 Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation 970(1)
State ex rel Sprague v. City of Madison (1996) 970(2)
Notes and Questions 972(2)
Problems 974(1)
§13.1.7 Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities 975(1)
§13.1.7.1 Persons with AIDS 975(1)
Poff v. Caro (1987) 975(1)
Notes and Questions 976(2)
§13.1.7.2 Reasonable Accommodation of Persons with Disabilities 978(1)
Problems 979(1)
§13.1.8 Economic Discrimination 980(1)
§13.1.8.1 Welfare Recipients 980(1)
DiLiddo v. Oxford Street Realty, Inc. (2007) 980(2)
§13.1.8.2 Discrimination Based on Income 982(2)
§13.2 Disparate Impact Claims 984(43)
§13.2.1 Racially Discriminatory Zoning Practices 984(1)
Huntington Branch, NAAGP-V.Town of Huntington (1988) 984(7)
Notes and Questions 991(1)
Problems 992(2)
§13.2.2 Sex Discrimination: Shelters for Battered Women 994(1)
Doe v. City of Butler (1989) 994(1)
Problems 995(1)
§13.2.3 Nontraditional Families 996(1)
§13.2.3.1 Restrictive Covenants 996(1)
§13.2.3.2 Exclusionary Zoning 996(1)
(a) Federal Constitution 996(1)
Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas (1974) 996(3)
(b) State Constitutions 999(1)
Charter Township of Delta v. Dinolfo (1984) 999(3)
Notes and Questions 1002(1)
(c) Fair Housing Act 1003(1)
Problem 1003(1)
§13.2.4 Group Homes for Persons with Disabilities 1004(1)
§13.2.4.1 AIDS Hospices 1004(1)
Association of Relatives and Friends of AIDS Patients (A.F.A.P.S.) v. Regulations and Permits Administration, or Administracion de Reglamentos y Permisos (A.R.P.E.) (1990) 1004(2)
§13.2.4.2 Group Homes for Persons with Mental Illness 1006(1)
Familystyle of St. Paul, Inc. v. City of St. Paul (1991) 1006(1)
Notes and Questions 1007(4)
Problems 1011(1)
§13.2.5 Sexual Orientation 1011(1)
Problem 1011(1)
§13.2.6 Religion 1012(1)
Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act 1012(1)
Problems 1012(2)
§13.2.7 National Origin Discrimination 1014(1)
Problem 1014(1)
§13.2.8 Land Use Regulation and Low-Income Families 1014(1)
§13.2.8.1 Exclusionary Zoning 1014(1)
Southern Burlington County, NAACP v.Township of Mount Laurel (1975) 1014(8)
Notes and Questions 1022(4)
§13.2.8.2 Homelessness 1026(1)
14 Zoning: Governmental Land Use Planning 1027(42)
§14.1 The Planning Process 1027(11)
§14.1.1 Constitutional Source for Zoning Authority 1027(1)
§14.1.2 Legislative Process: Enacting the Zoning Ordinance 1028(1)
§14.1.2.1 Zoning Enabling Acts 1028(1)
§14.1.2.2 The Comprehensive Plan and Zoning Ordinance 1028(2)
§14.1.2.3 Planned Unit Developments 1030(1)
§14.1.2.4 Conditional or Contract Zoning 1030(1)
Durand v. IDC Bellingham, LLC (2003) 1031(6)
§14.1.3 Administrative Procedures: The Zoning Board of Adjustment 1037(1)
§14.2 Zoning: Police Power and Property Rights 1038(21)
§14.2.1 Limits to Zoning Laws Designed to Protect Preexisting Property Rights 1038(1)
§14.2.1.1 Prior Nonconforming Uses 1038(1)
Town of Belleville v. Parrillo's, Inc. (1980) 1038(3)
§14.2.1.2 Variances 1041(1)
Cochran v. Fairfax County Board of zoning Appeals (2004) 1041(5)
Notes and Questions 1046(2)
§14.2.1.3 Vested Rights 1048(1)
Stone v. City of Wilton (1983) 1048(4)
Notes and Questions 1052(1)
Problems 1052(1)
§14.2.2 Limits on Preferential Zoning 1053(1)
§14.2.2.1 Special Exceptions 1053(1)
§14.2.2.2 Spot Zoning 1054(1)
§14.2.3 Exclusionary Zoning 1055(1)
§14.2.4 Equal Protection, Substantive Due Process, and Free Speech 1055(1)
Village of Willowbrook v. Olech (2000) 1055(1)
Notes and Questions 1056(2)
Problems 1058(1)
§14.2.5 Religious Land Uses 1059(1)
§14.3 Ethical Issues in Real Estate Development: SLAPP Suits 1059(3)
Problem 1061(1)
§14.4 Environmental Regulations: Liability of Property Owners for Cleanup of Hazardous Waste 1062(7)
Acme Laundry Co. v. Secretary of Environmental Affairs (1991) 1063(6)
VI Constitutional Protection for Property 1069(138)
15 Regulatory Takings Law 1071(136)
§15.1 Property as a Mediator Between Citizens and the State 1071(3)
§15.1.1 Defining versus Defending Property Rights 1071(2)
§15.1.2 The Eminent Domain Power and the Condemnation Process 1073(1)
§15.2 Public Use 1074(32)
§15.2.1 Federal Constitution 1074(1)
Kelo v. City of New London (2005) 1074(15)
§15.2.2 State Law 1089(1)
§15.2.2.1 State Constitutions 1089(2)
§15.2.2.2 State Statutes 1091(1)
Problems 1091(2)
§15.3 Just Compensation 1093(4)
§15.4 The Regulatory Takings Doctrine 1097(1)
§15.4.1 Historical Origins 1097(1)
Mugler v. Kansas (1887) 1097(1)
Powell v. Pennsylvania (1888) 1097(1)
Hadacheck v. Sebastian (1915) 1097(1)
Buchanan v. Warley (1917) 1098(1)
Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon (1922) 1098(2)
Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co. (1926) 1100(2)
Nectow v. City of Cambridge (1928) 1102(1)
§15.4.2 "Categorical" Takings andthe Ad Hoc Test 1103(3)
§15.5 Ad Hoc Test: Fairness and Justice 1106(22)
Miller v. Schoene (1928) 1106(2)
Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City (1978) 1108(7)
Keystone Bituminous Coal Association v. DeBenedictis (1987) 1115(1)
Notes and Questions 1116(10)
Problems 1126(2)
§15.6 Categorical Takings 1128(40)
§15.6.1 Physical Invasions 1128(1)
PruneYard Shopping Center v. Robins (1980) 1128(3)
Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp (1982) 1131(5)
Notes and Questions 1136(7)
Problems 1143(1)
§15.6.2 Deprivation of Economically Viable Use 1144(1)
Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council (1992) 1144(14)
Palazzolo v. Rhode Island (2001) 1158(3)
Tahoe-Sierra Presentation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency (2002) 1161(2)
Notes and Questions 1163(3)
Problems 1166(2)
§15.7 Special Cases 1168(39)
§15.7.1 Deprivation of Core Property Rights 1168(1)
Babbitt v. Youpee (1997) 1169(5)
Notes and Questions 1174(3)
Problems 1177(1)
§15.7.2 Vested Rights 1178(1)
§15.7.2.1 Established Investments 1178(1)
Kaiser Aetna V. United States (1979) 1179(1)
Eastern Enterprises v. Apfel (1998) 1179(2)
Problems 1181(1)
§15.7.2.2 Forfeiture and the Innocent Owner 1182(1)
Bennis v. Michigan (1996) 1182(4)
Notes and Questions 1186(1)
Problems 1187(1)
§15.7.3 Exactions and Linkage Requirements 1188(1)
Dolan v. City of Tigard (1994) 1188(11)
Notes and Questions 1199(3)
Problems 1202(5)
Table of Cases 1207(16)
Table of Statutes 1223(14)
Index 1237
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