Table Of Contents:
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxi
About the Author xxiii
Part One The Role Of The Nursing Assistant

1 Introduction to Health Care 1(11)

Health Care in the United States 2(1)

Types of Health Care Organizations 3(2)

How Health Care Organizations Are Monitored 5(1)

How Health Care Facilities Are Structured 5(1)

The Nursing Team 6(2)

The Role of the Nursing Assistant 8(4)

2 The Nursing Assistant 12(14)

The Job of the Nursing Assistant 13(5)

Ethical and Legal Issues 18(2)

Personal Qualities of the Nursing Assistant 20(2)

Planning Work Assignments 22(1)

Self-Care of the Nursing Assistant 22(4)

3 Communication and Interpersonal Skills 26(12)

Communication Skills 27(2)

Communicating on the Job 29(2)

Observations, Reporting, and Recording 31(3)

Common Terminology in the Workplace 34(4)

4 Relating to Your Patients 38(13)

Basic Human Needs 39(2)

The Stress of Illness 41(5)

Relating to the Patient's Family 46(1)

Cultural Diversity, Illness, and Communication 47(1)

Communicating with Special Populations 47(4)
Part Two Safety For The Patient And The Nursing Assistant

5 Infection Control 51(25)

The Chain of Infection 52(6)

Medical Asepsis 58(3)

Hand Cleansing 61(1)

Procedure 5-1 Hand Washing and Cleansing 61(1)

Gloving, Masking, and Gowning 62(5)

Procedure 5-2 Removing Gloves 63(1)

Procedure 5-3 Wearing a Face Mask 64(1)

Procedure 5-4 Applying a Gown 65(1)

Procedure 5-5 Removing a Gown 66(1)

Cleaning Equipment and the Patient Unit 67(2)

Procedure 5-6 Terminal Cleaning of the Patient Unit 68(1)

Standard Precautions and Isolation Procedures 69(4)

Handling Infectious Waste 73(3)

6 Environmental Safety, Accident Prevention, and Disaster Plans 76(15)

General Safety Rules 77(1)

Preventing Common Accidents 78(1)

Introduction to Body Mechanics 79(2)

Restraints 81(3)

Procedure 6-1 Applying a Vest Restraint 83(1)

Fire Safety and Prevention 84(3)

Procedure 6-2 Applying a Waist Restraint 84(3)

Disaster Plans 87(4)

7 Emergency Situations 91(14)

The Nursing Assistant's Role in an Emergency 92(1)

Recognizing Life-Threatening Situations 92(1)

Assessing ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) 93(4)

Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) 97(1)

Choking 98(3)

Procedure 7-1 The Heimlich Maneuver and Finger Sweep 99(2)

Seizures 101(1)

Falls 101(4)
Part Three Basic Nursing Skills

8 Body Systems and Common Diseases 105(51)

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology 106(2)

Growth and Development 108(1)

Common Diseases, Signs, and Symptoms 108(1)

AIDS 109(1)

Cancer 110(1)

The Respiratory System 111(2)

The Patient with Breathing Problems 113(1)

The Circulatory System 113(2)

The Patient with a Heart Problem 115(1)

The Gastrointestinal System 116(1)

The Patient with an Ostomy 117(1)

The Urinary System 118(1)

The Endocrine System 119(1)

The Patient with Diabetes 120(1)

The Reproductive System 121(1)

The Integumentary System 122(1)

The Musculoskeletal System 123(2)

The Orthopedic Patient 125(3)

The Nervous System 128(2)

The Patient Who Has Had a Stroke 130(1)

Patients with Disabilities 131(2)

Mental Health and Psychological Disorders 133(23)

9 Vital Signs 156(23)

Taking a Patient's Vital Signs 157(1)

Measuring Body Temperature 157(8)

Procedure 9-1 Measuring Oral Temperature 161(1)

Procedure 9-2 Measuring Rectal Temperature 162(1)

Procedure 9-3 Measuring Axillary or Groin Temperature 163(1)

Procedure 9-4 Measuring Temperature with an Electronic Thermometer 164(1)

Measuring Pulse and Respiration 165(3)

Procedure 9-5 Measuring the Radial Pulse Rate 166(1)

Procedure 9-6 Measuring the Apical Pulse Rate 167(1)

Measuring Blood Pressure 168(4)

Procedure 9-7 Measuring the Respiratory Rate 169(2)

Procedure 9-8 Measuring Blood Pressure 171(1)

Measuring Weight and Height 172(7)

Procedure 9-9 Measuring Weight and Height 173(1)

Procedure 9-10 Measuring Height of a Bedbound Patient 174(5)

10 Positioning, Moving, and Ambulation 179(24)

General Guidelines 180(1)

Positioning a Patient in Bed 181(6)

Procedure 10-1 Moving a Patient Up in Bed 182(1)

Procedure 10-2 Moving a Helpless Patient Up in Bed (Using a Turning Sheet) 183(1)

Procedure 10-3 Turning a Patient Toward You 184(1)

Procedure 10-4 Turning a Patient Away from You 185(1)

Procedure 10-5 Logrolling a Patient 186(1)

Positioning a Patient in a Chair 187(3)

Moving a Patient 190(5)

Procedure 10-6 Assisting a Patient to the Edge of the Bed (Dangling) 191(1)

Procedure 10-7 Transferring a Patient from a Bed to a Chair 192(2)

Procedure 10-8 Using a Mechanical Lift 194(1)

Transporting a Patient 195(1)

Assisting with Ambulation 195(8)

Procedure 10-9 Assisting to Ambulate Using a Cane or Walker 197(1)

Procedure 10-10 Assisting to Ambulate with a Gait Belt 198(2)

Procedure 10-11 Care of a Falling Patient 200(3)

11 Admission, Transfer, and Discharge 203(9)

Admission, Transfer, and Discharge Procedures 204(1)

Admission 205(1)

Transfer 206(2)

Discharge 208(4)
Part Four Providing Personal Care And Comfort To The Patient

12 The Patient's Environment 212(13)

The Patient Unit 213(2)

Bedmaking 215(10)

Procedure 12-1 Making a Closed Bed 216(2)

Procedure 12-2 Opening a Closed Bed 218(1)

Procedure 12-3 Making an Occupied Bed 219(2)

Procedure 12-4 Making a Surgical Bed 221(4)

13 Hygiene and Grooming 225(25)

Daily Hygiene and Grooming Needs 226(1)

Bathing the Patient 227(7)

Procedure 13-1 Giving a Complete Bed Bath 229(3)

Procedure 13-2 Giving a Partial Bed Bath 232(1)

Procedure 13-3 Assisting with a Tub Bath or Shower 233(1)

Oral Hygiene 234(6)

Procedure 13-4 Giving a Bed Shampoo 235(1)

Procedure 13-5 Assisting with Routine Oral Hygiene 236(2)

Procedure 13-6 Providing Oral Hygiene for an Unconscious Patient 238(1)

Procedure 13-7 Assisting with Denture Care 239(1)

Daily Shaving 240(1)

Daily Hair Care 240(1)

Providing Foot Care 240(1)

Daily Nail Care 240(4)

Procedure 13-8 Shaving a Male Patient 241(1)

Procedure 13-9 Assisting with Daily Hair Care 242(1)

Procedure 13-10 Giving Nail Care 243(1)

Back Rubs 244(2)

Procedure 13-11 Giving a Back Rub 245(1)

Caring for Eyeglasses and Hearing Aids 246(4)

14 Special Skin Care 250(7)

Decubitus Ulcers 251(2)

Preventing Decubitus Ulcers 253(1)

Prevention Devices 253(4)

15 Nutrition 257(15)

Principles of Nutrition 258(3)

General and Therapeutic Diets 261(1)

Assisting Patients with Eating 262(3)

Procedure 15-1 Serving Food 262(2)

Procedure 15-2 Feeding a Dependent Patient 264(1)

Supplementary Food and Fluids 265(1)

Principles of Fluid Balance 265(3)

Procedure 15-3 Measuring and Recording Fluid Intake 267(1)

Alternative Feeding Methods 268(4)

Procedure 15-4 Measuring and Recording Fluid Output 268(4)

16 Elimination Needs 272(16)

Normal Elimination 273(1)

Toileting 274(5)

Procedure 16-1 Assisting with Use of a Urinal 275(1)

Procedure 16-2 Assisting with Use of a Bedpan 276(2)

Procedure 16-3 Assisting with Use of a BedsideCommode 278(1)

Procedure 16-4 Assisting the Patient to the Bathroom 279(1)

Perineal Care 279(2)

Procedure 16-5 Giving Perineal Care 280(1)

Catheter Care 281(7)

Procedure 16-6 Emptying the Urine Drainage Bag 284(1)

Procedure 16-7 Providing Catheter Care 284(4)

17 Specimen Collection and Testing 288(11)

Specimen Collection 289(1)

Urine Specimens 290(3)

Procedure 17-1 Collecting a Routine Urine Specimen 291(2)

Stool Specimens 293(1)

Procedure 17-2 Collecting a Stool Specimen 293(1)

Sputum Specimens 294(5)

Procedure 17-3 Collecting a Sputum Specimen 294(5)

18 AM and PM Care 299(7)

Rest and Sleep 300(1)

AM Care 300(1)

PM Care 301(5)

Procedure 18-1 Providing AM Care 302(1)

Procedure 18-2 Providing PM Care 303(3)

19 Restorative Care and Rehabilitation 306(18)

Restorative Care and Rehabilitation 307(1)

Activities of Daily Living 308(1)

Assistive Devices 309(1)

Prostheses and Orthotics 310(1)

Bowel and Bladder Retraining 311(1)

Range-of-Motion Exercises 312(12)

Procedure 19-1 Performing Range-of-Motion Exercises 314(10)
Part Five Specialized Care Procedures

20 Additional Patient Care Procedures 324(17)

Heat and Cold Treatments 325(6)

Procedure 20-1 Applying a Dry Cold Treatment 327(2)

Procedure 20-2 Applying an Aquamatic Pad 329(1)

Procedure 20-3 Assisting with a Sitz Bath 330(1)

Assisting with a Physical Examination 331(1)

Enemas 332(5)

Procedure 20-4 Giving a Commercial Cleansing Enema 334(1)

Procedure 20-5 Giving a Commercial Oil-Retention Enema 335(1)

Procedure 20-6 Giving a Cleansing Enema 335(2)

Disposable Rectal Tube with Connected Flatus Bag 337(1)

Rectal Suppositories 337(4)

Procedure 20-7 Using the Disposable Rectal Tube with Connected Flatus Bag 338(3)

21 Preoperative and Postoperative Care 341(14)

Preoperative Care 342(2)

Postoperative Care 344(11)

Procedure 21-1 Shaving a Patient before Surgery 345(3)

Procedure 21-2 Assisting with Deep-Breathing Exercises 348(2)

Procedure 21-3 Applying Elasticized Stockings 350(1)

Procedure 21-4 Assisting the Patient with Initial Ambulation 351(4)

22 Subacute Care 355(10)

Understanding Subacute Care 356(3)

Key Skills in Subacute Care 359(2)

Guidelines for Taking Vital Signs 361(1)

Documentation of Care 361(4)

23 Special Skills in Long-Term Care 365(21)

Working in Long-Term Care 366(4)

The Effects of Aging 370(7)

Care for Residents Who Have Cognitive Impairments 377(5)

Reducing the Effects of Cognitive Impairments 382(4)

24 Death and Dying 386(13)

The Psychology of Death 387(1)

Meeting Spiritual and Emotional Needs 388(1)

Care of Dying Patients 389(2)

Organ/Tissue Donation 391(1)

The Physiology of Death 392(1)

Postmortem Care 393(6)

Procedure 24-1 Providing Postmortem Care 393(6)
Glossary 399(10)
Index 409