Labor law : cases, materials, and problems / 6th ed.

Table Of Contents:
Preface xxxi
Acknowledgments xxxiii

Workers, Unions, and the Economy: An Overview 1(30)

Note: Objectives of a Labor Law Regime 1(2)

Neoclassical View of Labor Markets 3(8)

Ronald G. Ehrenberg & Robert S. Smith, Modern Labor Economics 4(4)

Notes and Questions 8(3)

Unions and Wages 11(7)

Note: Union Wage Differential Studies 11(2)

Note: Sources of the Union Wage Premium 13(3)

Notes and Questions 16(2)

Impact of Unions on Productivity 18(5)

Kenneth Dau-Schmidt, A Bargaining Analysis of American Labor Law 18(2)

Notes and Questions 20(3)

Unions and American Democracy 23(2)

Albert Rees, The Economics of Trade Unions 23(1)

Notes and Questions 24(1)

The Alternative of Minimum Entitlements 25(6)

Paul C. Weiler, Governing the Workplace: The Future of Labor and Employment Law 26(2)

Notes and Questions 28(3)

The Historical and Institutional Framework 31(22)

The Common Law 31(22)

The Evolution of Labor Organizations 31(3)

Judicial Response to Labor Disputes 34(1)

Criminal Conspiracy 35(1)

Philadelphia Cordwainers (Commonwealth v. Pullis) 35(2)

Commonwealth v. Hunt 37(1)

Notes and Questions 38(2)

The Labor Injunction 40(1)

Vegelahn v. Guntner 40(4)

Notes and Questions 44(4)

Judicial Response to Protective Labor Legislation 48(1)

Lochner v. New York 48(2)

Notes and Questions 50(3)

The Antitrust Laws 53(13)

Note: Union Growth and Industrial Strife in the 1890s and the Early Twentieth Century 53(2)

The Sherman Act 55(1)

Note: Loewe v. Lawlor (The ``Danbury Hatters'' Case) 55(1)

The Clayton Act 56(1)

Note: The Origins of the Labor Exemption 56(1)

Duplex Printing Press Co. v. Deering 57(5)

Notes and Questions 62(2)

Note: Labor Organization and the Management of Work from World War I Through the 1920s 64(2)

The Norris-LaGuardia Act and Reexamination of the Antitrust Laws: Mandating Government Neutrality in Labor Disputes 66(12)

The Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932 66(1)

The ``Labor Injunction'' 66(3)

Modern Applications of the Norris-LaGuardia Act 69(1)

Reexamination of the Antitrust Laws 69(1)

Apex Hosiery Co. v. Leader 69(4)

United States v. Hutcheson 73(3)

Notes and Questions 76(2)

Modern Labor Legislation: Affirmative Protection of Collective Representation 78(21)

The Railway Labor Act (RLA) 78(2)

The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) 80(1)

The Original NLRA: The Wagner Act 80(1)

The Origins of the Wagner Act 80(3)

NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. 83(1)

Labor Organization During the New Deal Period 84(2)

The Purposes of the Wagner Act 86(2)

The Orientation of the Wagner Act 88(1)

The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 88(1)

Labor Organization and the Administration of the NLRA from 1935 to 1947 88(1)

The Taft-Hartley Amendments 89(2)

The Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959 91(1)

Labor Organization from 1947 to 1959 91(1)

The Landrum-Griffin Act 91(1)

The 1974 Health Care Industry Amendments 92(1)

The Proposed Labor Reform Act of 1977 and Other Failed Legislation 92(1)

The State of American Unionism 93(6)

The Sharp Decline in Private Sector Unionization 93(3)

Ferment Within the Labor Movement 96(3)

The Jurisdiction, Structure, and Procedure of the NLRB 99(48)

A Brief Overview of NLRB Structure and Procedure 99(7)

The Board and the General Counsel 99(1)

Unfair Labor Practice and Representation Proceedings 100(1)

Unfair Labor Practice (ULP) Proceedings 100(1)

Representation Proceedings 101(1)

Rulemaking Versus Adjudication 102(1)

The Procedures Contrasted, and the Question of Agency Discretion 102(2)

Pros and Cons 104(1)

Delay at the NLRB 105(1)

Scope of Review of NLRB Determinations 106(2)

``Substantial Evidence'' Review 106(1)

Review of Questions of ``Law'' or ``Policy'' 107(1)

Jurisdiction 108(39)

The Commerce Requirement and Other Limitations on NLRB Jurisdiction 108(2)

Statutory Exclusions 110(1)

Independent Contractors 111(1)

Note: NLRB v. Hearst and Congress's Reaction 111(2)

NLRB v. United Insurance Co. 113(1)

Roadway Package System, Inc. 114(4)

Notes and Questions 118(1)

Supervisory, Managerial, and Confidential Personnel 119(1)

NLRB v. Bell Aerospace Co. 119(4)

Notes and Questions 123(4)

Note: The Tension Between Coverage of Professional Employees and Exclusions of Supervisors and Managers 127(2)

NLRB v. Kentucky River Community Care, Inc. 129(6)

Notes and Questions 135(2)

Note: The Board's 2006 Rulings on Supervisory Status 137(2)

Notes and Questions 139(2)

Students/Trainees as Employees? 141(2)

Notes and Questions 143(4)

Protection of Concerted Activity 147(128)

The Concepts of Discrimination and of Interference, Restraint, or Coercion 147(31)

Violations Based on Employer (or Union) Motivation 147(1)

Edward G. Budd Manufacturing Co. v. NLRB 148(3)

Notes and Questions 151(1)

NLRB v. Transportation Management Corp. 152(3)

Notes and Questions 155(2)

Note: NLRA Remedies in Discharge and Failure to Hire Cases 157(2)

Note: Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. NLRB: Relief for Undocumented Aliens? 159(3)

Violations Based on Impact of Employer (or Union) Actions 162(1)

Radio Officers' Union v. NLRB 162(3)

Notes and Questions 165(2)

Republic Aviation Corp. v. NLRB 167(5)

Notes and Questions 172(1)

Note: Restrictions on Workplace Solicitation and Distribution 173(5)

The Accommodation of Rights and Employer Interests 178(29)

Interest in Maintaining Production and Discipline 178(1)

Interest in Excluding ``Outsiders'': Employer Property Rights 178(1)

Note: NLRB v. Babcock & Wilcox Co. 178(1)

Lechmere, Inc. v. NLRB 179(6)

Notes and Questions 185(6)

Note: NLRB v. Town & Country Electric, Inc. and Paid Union Organizers as Protected Employees 191(1)

Notes and Questions 192(2)

Interest in Entrepreneurial Discretion 194(1)

NLRB v. J.M. Lassing 194(2)

Notes and Questions 196(2)

Textile Workers Union v. Darlington Manufacturing Co. 198(6)

Notes and Questions 204(3)

The Scope of Protected Employee Activity 207(41)

``Protected'' Concerted Activity: Means Test 207(1)

NLRB v. Washington Aluminum Co. 207(3)

Elk Lumber Co. 210(2)

Note: Categorical Limitations on the Means Employed 212(2)

Notes and Questions 214(3)

NLRB v. Local 1229, IBEW (Jefferson Standard) 217(2)

Notes and Questions 219(3)

``Protected'' Concerted Activity: Purpose or Object Test 222(1)

Eastex, Inc. v. NLRB 222(5)

Notes and Questions 227(4)

Individual Employee Action as ``Concerted'' Activity 231(1)

NLRB v. City Disposal System, Inc. 231(5)

Notes and Questions 236(4)

NLRB v. J. Weingarten, Inc. 240(3)

Notes and Questions 243(2)

Note: Weingarten Rights in the Nonunion Setting? 245(1)

Notes and Questions 246(2)

Union Waivers of Employee Rights to Engage in Protected Activity 248(9)

NLRB v. Magnavox Co. of Tennessee 248(2)

Notes and Questions 250(2)

Metropolitan Edison Co. v. NLRB 252(4)

Notes and Questions 256(1)

Employer ``Support'' or ``Domination'' of a ``Labor Organization'' 257(18)

Electromation, Inc. 258(7)

Notes and Questions 265(4)

Note: Crown Cork & Seal Co. and the Delegation of Managerial Authority 269(3)

Note: Proposals to Amend §8 (a) (2) 272(3)

NLRB Determination of Bargaining Authority 275(132)

Obtaining Representative Status Through the NLRB's Election Procedure 276(86)

Appropriate Bargaining Units 276(1)

NLRB Unit Determinations: Substance and Procedure 276(1)

American Hospital Ass'n v. NLRB (7th Circuit Decision) 277(2)

American Hospital Ass 'n v. NLRB (Supreme Court Decision) 279(4)

Notes and Questions 283(2)

Friendly Ice Cream Corp. v. NLRB 285(3)

Notes and Questions 288(2)

Notice of Proposed Rulemaking: Appropriateness of Requested Single Location Bargaining Units in Representation Cases 290(1)

Notes and Questions 291(1)

Judicial Review of Unit Determinations and Other Representational Issues 292(1)

Leedom v. Kyne 292(3)

Notes and Questions 295(2)

Note: Special Issues Arising in Unit Determinations 297(2)

Note: Accretion and Multiemployer Bargaining Units 299(2)

Note: M.B. Sturgis, Inc. and Oakwood Care Center 301(4)

Notes and Questions 305(2)

Access to the Employee Electorate 307(1)

NLRB v. United Steelworkers of America (Nutone and Avondale) 307(3)

Notes and Questions 310(3)

Excelsior Underwear, Inc. 313(3)

Notes and Questions 316(1)

Regulation of the Conduct of the Election 317(1)

Threatening Speech 318(1)

NLRB v. Golub Corp. 318(5)

Notes and Questions 323(2)

NLRB v. Gissel Packing Co. 325(3)

Notes and Questions 328(3)

Two Tracks for Challenging Campaign Tactics 331(1)

General Shoe Corp. 332(1)

Notes and Questions 333(1)

Factual Misrepresentations 334(1)

Midland National Life Insurance Co. 335(4)

Notes and Questions 339(2)

Note: Are Employees Influenced by Campaign Conduct?: A Review of the Empirical Literature 341(2)

Racial and Religiously Based Speech 343(1)

Honeyville Grain, Inc. v. NLRB 343(3)

Notes and Questions 346(2)

Promises and Grants of Benefits 348(1)

NLRB v. Exchange Parts Co. 348(2)

Notes and Questions 350(3)

NLRB v. Savair Manufacturing Co. 353(2)

Notes and Questions 355(2)

Interrogation, Polling, and Surveillance 357(1)

Timsco Inc. v. NLRB 357(3)

Notes and Questions 360(2)

NLRB-Compelled Recognition Without an Election 362(18)

The Gissel Bargaining Order 362(1)

NLRB v. Gissel Packing Co. 362(8)

Note: Linden Lumber 370(2)

Notes and Questions 372(4)

Note: Section 10(j): An Underutilized Tool in Organizing Cases? 376(1)

The Canadian Model: Mandating Recognition Without Elections 377(1)

Paul C. Weiler, Promises to Keep: Securing Workers' Rights to Self-Organization Under the NLRA 377(2)

Notes and Questions 379(1)

Ousting an Incumbent Union 380(27)

Bars to an Election 381(1)

The Certification, Election, and Recognition Bars 381(1)

Brooks v. NLRB 381(3)

Notes and Questions 384(1)

The Contract Bar 385(3)

The Blocking Charge Policy 388(1)

The Means of Ousting an Incumbent Union 389(1)

Note: Employee-Initiated Decertification Petitions 389(1)

Alleiitown Mack Sales and Service, Inc. v, NLRB 390(9)

Notes and Questions 399(2)

Note: Levitz Furniture Co.: Curbing Unilateral Withdrawal of Recognition by Employers 401(1)

Notes and Questions 402(2)

Note: Remedy for Unlawful Withdrawals of Recognition 404(3)

Obtaining Bargaining Authority Outside of the NLRB Election Process 407(164)

Voluntary Recognition 408(24)

Validity of Authorization Cards 408(1)

NLRB v. Gissel Packing Co. 408(3)

Notes and Questions 411(1)

Requirement of Majority Status at the Time of Recognition 412(1)

International Ladies'Garment Workers Union (Bemhard-Altmann Texas Corporation) v. NLRB 412(4)

Notes and Questions 416(5)

Note: The Kroger ``After-Acquired'' Facility Doctrine 421(2)

The Doctrine of Employer Neutrality 423(1)

Bruckner Nursing Home 423(4)

Notes and Questions 427(2)

Note: Card-Check and Neutrality Agreements 429(3)

Regulation of Organizational and Recognitional Picketing 432(14)

International Hod Carriers, Local 840 (Blinne Construction) 433(6)

Notes and Questions 439(6)

Regulation of the Process of Collective Bargaining 445(1)

Exclusive Representation: An Overview 446(14)

J.I. Case Co. v. NLRB 446(3)

Notes and Questions 449(2)

Note: Nonmajority Collective Bargaining 451(1)

Emporium Capwell Co. v. Western Addition Community Organization 452(5)

Notes, and Questions 457(3)

The Requirement of Good Faith: Bargaining Positions and Practices 460(51)

Models of the Bargaining Process 460(1)

NLRB v. Insurance Agents' International Union 460(5)

Notes and Questions 465(1)

The Problem of ``Surface Bargaining'' 466(1)

NLRB v. American National Insurance Co. 466(5)

NLRB v. A-l King Size Sandwiches, Inc. 471(4)

Notes and Questions 475(4)

Remedies for Bad Faith Bargaining 479(1)

H.K. Porter Co. v. NLRB 479(3)

Notes and Questions 482(1)

Note: The Problem of First-Time Bargaining Relationships and Extraordinary Remedies 483(7)

Disclosure Obligations 490(1)

NLRB v. Truitt Manufacturing Co. 490(2)

Detroit Edison Co. v. NLRB 492(3)

Notes and Questions 495(5)

The Concept of ``Impasse'' 500(1)

NLRB v. Katz 500(3)

Notes and Questions 503(6)

Note: Impasse Procedures 509(2)

Subjects of ``Mandatory Bargaining'' 511(35)

The Mandatory/Permissive Framework 511(1)

NLRB v. Wooster Division of Borg-Warner Corp. 511(4)

Notes and Questions 515(8)

Note: Card-Check, and Neutrality Provisions 523(1)

Note: Alternatives to Borg-Warner 524(1)

Status of Major Entrepreneurial Decisions 525(1)

Fireboard Paper Products Corp. v. NLRB 525(6)

Notes and Questions 531(1)

First National Maintenance Corp. v. NLRB 532(6)

Notes and Questions 538(7)

Note: Remedies for Refusals to Bargain over Mandatory Entrepreneurial Decisions 545(1)

Multiemployer and Multiunion Bargaining 546(10)

Charles D. Bonanno Linen Service, Inc. v. NLRB 546(5)

Notes and Questions 551(4)

Note: Coalition and Coordinated Bargaining 555(1)

Midterm Bargaining 556(15)

Note: Permissive Subjects and Midterm Modifications 556(1)

Jacobs Manufacturing Co. 557(3)

Notes and Questions 560(3)

Milwaukee Spring Division of Illinois Coil Spring Co. (``Milwaukee Spring II'') 563(4)

Notes and Questions 567(4)

Weapons of Economic Conflict: Strikes, Boycotts, and Picketing 571(136)

Strikes and Employer Countermeasures 571(62)

Economic Pressures and the Duty to Bargain 571(1)

NLRB v. Insurance Agents' International Union (review) 571(1)

Note: The Role of Economic Conflict in the Bargaining Process and the Causes of Strikes 571(1)

Strikers and Replacements 572(1)

The Mackay Radio Doctrine 572(1)

NLRB v. Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co. 572(1)

Note: Reinstatement Rights of Replaced Economic Strikers 573(1)

Notes and Questions 574(5)

Note: Strike Settlement Agreements 579(1)

Note: Proposals to Repeal or Modify Mackay Radio 580(2)

Notes and Questions 582(2)

Note: Unfair Labor Practice Strikes 584(2)

Notes and Questions 586(1)

Note: Honoring Picket Lines 587(2)

The Role of Impact Analysis 589(1)

NLRB v. Erie Resistor Corp. 589(5)

Notes and Questions 594(3)

NLRB v. Great Dane Trailers 597(3)

Notes and Questions 600(2)

Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Independent Federation of Flight Attendants 602(5)

Notes and Questions 607(1)

The Effect of Mackay on the Union's Majority Status 608(1)

NLRB v. Curtin Matheson Scientific, Inc. 608(7)

Notes and Questions 615(1)

Lockouts 616(1)

American Ship Building Co. v. NLRB 616(6)

Note: Lockouts in Multiemployer Bargaining Units 622(1)

Notes and Questions 623(5)

Subcontracting Struck Work 628(1)

Land Air Delivery, Inc. v. NLRB 628(4)

Notes and Questions 632(1)

Regulation of Collective Action by Labor Organizations 633(74)

Constitutional Limitations on Government Regulation 633(1)

Teamsters, Local 695 v. Vogt, Inc. 633(3)

Notes and Questions 636(5)

Secondary Pressures 641(1)

The Primary/Secondary Distinction 642(1)

Howard Lesnick, The Gravamen of the Secondary Boycott 642(1)

Note: The Relationship Between Theories of the Strike and the Permissible Scope of Secondary Pressures 643(2)

``Ally'' Doctrine 645(1)

NLRB v. Business Machine, Local 459 (Royal Typewriter Co.) 645(5)

Notes and Questions 650(2)

``Common Situs'' Problems 652(1)

Sailors' Union of the Pacific and Moore Dry Dock 652(3)

Notes and Questions 655(1)

NLRB v. Denver Building & Construction Trades Council 656(2)

Notes and Questions 658(1)

Local 761, International Union of Electric, Radio & Machine Workers v. NLRB (General Electric) 659(3)

Notes and Questions 662(2)

Appeals to Customers of Secondary Employers 664(1)

Note: Servette-DeBartolo and the ``Publicity'' Proviso to §8(b)(4) 665(2)

NLRB v. Fruit & Vegetable Packers, Local 760 (Tree Fruits) 667(3)

NLRB v. Retail Store Employees Union, Local 1001 (Safeco Title Insurance Co.) 670(3)

Notes and Questions 673(2)

Edward J. DeBartolo Corp. v. Florida Gulf Coast Building & Construction Trades Council 675(3)

Notes and Questions 678(2)

``Hot Cargo'' Clauses 680(1)

National Woodwork Manufacturers Association v. NLRB 680(3)

Notes and Questions 683(6)

Note: ``Right to Control'' Doctrine of NLRB v. Enterprise Association of Steam Pipefitters 689(1)

Notes and Questions 690(1)

Note: Industry-Wide Provisos to §8(e) 691(2)

Notes and Questions 693(1)

Note: Remedies for Union Unfair Labor Practices 694(1)

Work-Assignment Disputes 695(1)

NLRB v. Plasterers' Local Union No. 79 695(3)

Notes and Questions 698(1)

Featherbedding and Make-Work Practices 699(2)

NLRB v. Gamble Enterprises, Inc. 701(2)

Notes and Questions 703(2)

Union Violence 705(2)

The Enforcement of Collective Bargaining Agreements 707(158)

The Grievance Arbitration Machinery 707(28)

Discharge and Discipline 708(1)

Grief Bros. 708(2)

Notes and Questions 710(1)

Inter-Pack Corp. 711(4)

Notes and Questions 715(2)

Safeway Stores, Inc. 717(1)

Notes and Questions 718(3)

Seniority and Job Allocation 721(1)

Modern Woodcrafts 722(2)

Notes and Questions 724(1)

Subcontracting 725(1)

Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Co. 725(5)

Notes and Questions 730(2)

Use of Past Practice 732(1)

Richard Mittenthal, Past Practice and the Administration of Collective Bargaining Agreements 732(2)

Notes and Questions 734(1)

Arbitration and the Courts 735(61)

Enforcement of the Agreement to Arbitrate 735(1)

Textile Workers Union v. Lincoln Mills of Alabama 735(2)

Notes and Questions 737(3)

United Steelworkers of America v. American Manufacturing Co. 740(2)

United Steelworkers of America v. Warrior & Gulf Navigation Co. 742(5)

Notes and Questions 747(3)

Note: ``Procedural Arbitrability'' 750(2)

Litton Financial Printing Division v. NLRB 752(7)

Notes and Questions 759(2)

Judicial Review of Arbitration Awards 761(1)

Effectuation of the Parties' Intent 761(1)

United Steelworkers of America v. Enterprise Wheel & Car Corp. 761(2)

Notes and Questions 763(5)

Public Policy Considerations 768(1)

Eastern Associated Coal Corp. v. United Mine Workers, Dist. 17 768(5)

Notes and Questions 773(3)

No-Strike Obligations 776(1)

Note: Teamsters v. Lucas Flour 776(1)

Boys Markets, Inc. v. Retail Clerks Union, Local 770 777(6)

Notes and Questions 783(3)

Buffalo Forge Co. v. United Steelworkers of America 786(4)

Notes and Questions 790(3)

Note: Political Boycotts and the Norris-LaGuardia Act 793(1)

Notes and Questions 794(1)

Note: Union and Individual Employee Liability for Breach of No-Strike Obligations 795(1)

Arbitration and the NLRB 796(23)

Arbitration and Unfair Labor Practice Charges Under the NLRA 796(1)

Note: The NLRB's Authority over Disputes Raising Contractual Issues 796(3)

Pre-Arbitral or ``Collyer'' Deferral 799(1)

United Technologies Corp. 799(5)

Notes and Questions 804(2)

Post-Arbitral or ``Spielberg'' Deference 806(1)

Olin Corp. 806(5)

Notes and Questions 811(3)

Arbitration and Claims Under Statutes Other than the NLRA 814(1)

Note: Gardner-Denver, Gilmer, and the Tension Between the Two 814(3)

Notes and Questions 817(2)

Problems of Business Transformation 819(31)

Successorship 819(1)

Obligations Under the NLRA 819(1)

NLRB v. Burns International Security Services, Inc. 819(7)

Notes and Questions 826(5)

Fall River Dyeing & Finishing Corp. v. NLRB 831(6)

Notes and Questions 837(3)

Obligations Under the Collective Bargaining Agreement 840(1)

Howard Johnson Co. v. Hotel and Restaurant Employees 840(5)

Notes and Questions 845(5)

Simultaneous Operation of Union and Nonunion Enterprises 850(7)

South Pacific Construction Co. v. Local No. 627 International Union of Operating Engineers 851(2)

Notes and Questions 853(4)

Bankruptcy, Chapter 11 Reorganizations, and Collective Bargaining Agreements 857(8)

Note: NLRB v. Bildisco and the Congressional Response 857(2)

Notes and Questions 859(6)

Labor and the Antitrust Laws 865(40)

Origins of Labor's Antitrust Exemption 865(1)

Apex Hosiery v. Leader (review) 865(1)

United States v. Hutcheson (review) 865(1)

Notes and Questions 865(1)

Unilateral Union Action and Agreements with ``Labor Groups'': The ``Statutory'' Exemption 866(7)

H.A. Artists & Associates, Inc. v. Actors' Equity Association 866(4)

Notes and Questions 870(3)

Agreements with ``Nonlabor Groups'': The ``Nonstatutory'' Exemption 873(32)

Allen Bradley Co. v. Local 3, IBEW 873(3)

Notes and Questions 876(1)

United Mine Workers v. Pennington 877(3)

Notes and Questions 880(2)

Local 189, Meat Cutters v. Jewel Tea Co. 882(5)

Notes and Questions 887(1)

Note: Availability of Statutory Exemption for Employers' Labor Market Restraints and Bargaining Tactics 888(1)

Brown v. Pro Football, Inc. 889(6)

Notes and Questions 895(3)

Connell Construction Co. v. Plumbers, Local 100 898(4)

Notes and Questions 902(3)

Preemption of State Authority 905(64)

Garmon Preemption 906(21)

The Basic Doctrine 906(1)

San Diego Building Trades Council v. Garmon 906(2)

Notes and Questions 908(2)

Exceptions to Garmon 910(1)

Farmer, Special Administrator v. United Brotherhood of Carpenters, Local 25 910(6)

Notes and Questions 916(1)

Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. San Diego County District Council of Carpenters 917(7)

Notes, and Questions 924(2)

The Problem of Retaliatory Lawsuits 926(1)

Machinists Preemption 927(29)

Regulation of Economic Conflict 927(1)

Lodge 76, JAM (Machinists) v. Wisconsin Employment Relations Commission 927(4)

Notes and Questions 931(3)

Building,& Construction Trades Council v. Associated Builders & Contractors (Boston Harbor) 934(4)

Notes and Questions 938(2)

Note: State ``Neutrality'' Laws 940(3)

Belknap, Inc. v. Hale 943(4)

Notes and Questions 947(1)

Note: Preemption of State Regulation of Unionization of Supervisors 948(1)

``Minimum Terms'' Legislation 949(1)

Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. Massachusetts 949(3)

Notes and Questions 952(4)

Section 301 Preemption 956(13)

Allis-Chalmers Corp. v. Lueck 956(4)

Notes and Questions 960(7)

Note: §301 Suits Against Unions 967(2)

Limited Sovereignty: The Relationship Between Employee and Bargaining Agent 969(96)

The Union's Dual Constituency 970(49)

Note: ``Free Riders'' and Union Security 970(2)

``Right to Work'' Laws: §14(b) States 972(1)

Effect of ``Right to Work'' Laws 972(1)

The Justification for ``Right to Work'' Laws? 973(1)

Mancur Olson, The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups 973(1)

Notes and Questions 974(3)

The Limits of Compulsory Participation in Non-14(b) States 977(1)

The Obligation to-Maintain ``Membership'' 977(1)

NLRB v. General Motors Corp. 977(2)

Notes and Questions 979(2)

Use of Union Dues 981(1)

Note: Nonmembers' Objections to Use of Union Dues Under the Railway Labor Act 981(2)

Communications Workers of America v. Beck 983(5)

Notes and Questions 988(2)

Note: Applications: Beck vs. RLA and Public Sector Precedents 990(5)

Exposure to Union Discipline 995(1)

NLRB v. Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Co. 995(4)

Scqfield v. NLRB 999(1)

NLRB v. Boeing Co. 1000(1)

Notes and Questions 1001(2)

Pattern Makers' League of North America v. NLRB 1003(4)

Notes and Questions 1007(2)

American Broadcasting Cos. v. Writers Guild 1009(2)

Notes and Questions 1011(1)

Freedom from Discrimination in Employment Rights 1012(1)

Local 357, Teamsters v. NLRB 1012(4)

Notes and Questions 1016(1)

Note: Superseniority for Union Officers 1017(1)

Notes and Questions 1018(1)

The Duty of Fair Representation 1019(46)

Early Judicial Development 1019(1)

Steele v. Louisville & Nashville RR 1019(3)

Notes and Questions 1022(1)

Unfair Representation and the NLRB 1023(1)

Note: The NLRB's Miranda Fuel Doctrine 1023(1)

Notes and Questions 1024(1)

Contract Negotiation 1024(1)

Air Line Pilots Association v. O'Neill 1024(5)

Notes and Questions 1029(3)

Barton Brands, Ltd. v. NLRB 1032(4)

Notes and Questions 1036(4)

Note: Bargaining for Retirees 1040(1)

Grievance Adjustment 1041(1)

Vaca v. Sipes 1041(7)

Notes and Questions 1048(3)

Note: Hines v. Anchor Motor Freight, Inc. 1051(2)

Notes and Questions 1053(3)

Breininger v. Sheet Metal Workers' Local Union No. 6 1056(4)

Notes and Questions 1060(1)

Procedural Aspects of Duty of Fair Representation Suits 1061(1)

Exhaustion of Internal Union Remedies 1061(1)

Statute of Limitations 1062(1)

Damages 1062(1)

Allocation of Damages 1062(3)

Regulation of Union Government and Administration 1065(72)

Note: Union Control over Admission to Membership 1065(1)

Free Speech and Assembly 1066(17)

Union Controls on Speech by Rank-and-File Members 1066(1)

Salzhandler v. Caputo 1066(3)

Mitchell v. International Association of Machinists 1069(1)

Notes and Questions 1070(2)

Note: Procedural Aspects of Title I Actions 1072(2)

Union Controls on Speech by Officials and Staff 1074(1)

Finnergan v. Leu 1074(3)

Sheet Metal Workers' International Association v. Lynn 1077(4)

Notes and Questions 1081(2)

``Due Process'' in Union Tribunals 1083(6)

``Otherwise Disciplined'' 1083(1)

Breininger v. Sheet Metal Workers' Local Union No. 6 1083(2)

Notes and Questions 1085(1)

``A Full and Fair Hearing'' 1086(1)

International Brotherhood of Boilermakers v. Hardeman 1086(3)

Notes and Questions 1089(1)

Elections, Referenda, and Participatory Interests 1089(32)

Note: The Enforcement Scheme of Tide IV of the LMRDA 1089(2)

Eligibility Requirements 1091(1)

Local 3498, United Steelworkers of America v. Usery 1091(4)

Notes and Questions 1095(3)

Overlap Between Titles I and IV of the LMRDA 1098(1)

Calhoon v. Harvey 1098(4)

Local No. 82, Furniture & Piano Moving Drivers v. Crowley 1102(3)

Notes and Questions 1105(4)

United Steelworkers of America v. Sadlowski 1109(4)

Notes and Questions 1113(1)

Note: Referenda 1114(1)

Ratification Votes 1114(1)

American Postal Workers Union, Headquarters Local 6885 American Postal Workers Union 1114(3)

Notes and Questions 1117(4)

Local-International Disputes: Trusteeships and Related Matters 1121(5)

United Brotherhood of Carpenters v. Brown 1122(2)

K Notes and Questions 1124(2)

Fiscal and Fiduciary Responsibility 1126(11)

Reporting Requirements 1126(2)

Fiduciary Obligations 1128(1)

Notes and Questions 1128(2)

Regulation of Employee Welfare and Pension Funds 1130(2)

Corruption 1132(1)

Note: § 302 of the LMRA 1132(1)

Note: The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act of 1970 (RICO) 1133(2)

Note: State Regulation of Union Corruption 1135(2)
Table of Cases 1137(22)
Table of Authorities 1159(22)
Index 1181