Solid waste engineering /

Foreword p. xi
Preface p. xvii
Integrated Solid Waste Management p. 1
Solid waste in history p. 1
Economics and solid waste p. 4
Legislation and regulations p. 6
Materials flow p. 8
Reduction p. 10
Reuse p. 11
Recycling p. 12
Recovery p. 15
Disposal of solid waste in landfills p. 17
Energy conversion p. 21
The need for integrated solid waste management p. 23
Special wastes p. 24
Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics and Quantities p. 30
Definitions p. 30
Municipal solid waste generation p. 33
Municipal solid waste characteristics p. 38
Composition by identifiable items p. 39
Moisture content p. 45
Particle size p. 48
Chemical composition p. 49
Heat value p. 49
Bulk and material density p. 54
Mechanical properties p. 56
Biodegradability p. 57
Measuring particle size p. 59
Collection p. 67
Refuse collection systems p. 67
House to can p. 68
Can to truck p. 69
Truck from house to house p. 72
Truck routing p. 76
Truck to disposal p. 78
Commercial wastes p. 80
Transfer stations p. 82
Collection of recyclable materials p. 85
Litter and street cleanliness p. 91
Design of collection systems p. 96
Landfills p. 109
Planning, siting, and permitting of landfills p. 110
Planning p. 110
Siting p. 115
Permitting p. 117
Landfill processes p. 118
Biological degradation p. 118
Leachate production p. 121
Gas production p. 128
Landfill design p. 132
Liners p. 132
Leachate collection, treatment, and disposal p. 133
Landfill gas collection and use p. 143
Geotechnical aspects of landfill design p. 151
Stormwater management p. 151
Landfill cap p. 152
Landfill operations p. 155
Landfill equipment p. 155
Filling sequences p. 155
Daily cover p. 158
Monitoring p. 158
Post-closure care and use of old landfills p. 160
Landfill mining p. 163
Processing of Municipal Solid Waste p. 173
Refuse physical characteristics p. 173
Storing MSW p. 175
Conveying p. 176
Compacting p. 182
Shredding p. 183
Use of shredders in solid waste processing p. 183
Types of shredders used for solid waste processing p. 185
Describing shredder performance by changes in particlesize distribution p. 191
Power requirements of shredders p. 197
Health and safety p. 200
Hammer wear and maintenance p. 201
Shredder design p. 202
Pulping p. 206
Roll crushing p. 207
Granulating p. 210
The pi breakage theorem p. 210
Materials Separation p. 224
General expressions for materials separation p. 224
Binary separators p. 224
Polynary separators p. 226
Effectiveness of separation p. 227
Picking (hand sorting) p. 229
Screens p. 230
Trommel screens p. 231
Reciprocating and disc screens p. 236
Float/sink separators p. 239
Theory of operation p. 240
Jigs p. 246
Air classifiers p. 247
Other float/sink devices p. 259
Magnets and electromechanical separators p. 260
Magnets p. 260
Eddy current separators p. 263
Electrostatic separation processes p. 265
Other devices for materials separation p. 265
Materials separation systems p. 269
Performance of materials recovery facilities p. 272
Combustion and Energy Recovery p. 283
Heat value of refuse p. 283
Ultimate analysis p. 283
Compositional analysis p. 285
Proximate analysis p. 288
Calorimetry p. 288
Materials and thermal balances p. 293
Combustion air p. 293
Efficiency p. 295
Thermal balance on a waste-to-energy combustor p. 297
Combustion hardware used for MSW p. 300
Waste-to-energy combustors p. 300
Modular starved air combustors p. 307
Pyrolysis p. 307
Mass burn versus RDF p. 310
Undesirable effects of combustion p. 314
Waste heat p. 314
Ash p. 316
Air pollutants p. 319
Dioxin p. 329
Biochemical Processes p. 336
Methane generation by anaerobic digestion p. 337
Anaerobic decomposition in mixed digesters p. 338
Potential for application of anaerobic digesters p. 342
Methane extraction from landfills p. 343
Potential for the application of methane extraction from landfills p. 344
Composting p. 344
Fundamentals of composting p. 344
Composting municipal solid waste p. 349
Potential for composting municipal solid waste p. 351
Composting wastes other than refuse p. 354
Other biochemical processes p. 355
Glucose production by acid and enzymatic hydrolysis p. 355
Other bacterial fermentation processes p. 357
Current Issues in Solid Waste Management p. 363
Life cycle analysis and management p. 363
Life cycle analysis p. 363
Life cycle management p. 366
Flow control p. 368
Public or private ownership and operation p. 369
Contracting for solid waste services p. 370
Financing solid waste facilities p. 373
Calculating annual cost p. 375
Calculating present worth p. 376
Calculating sinking funds p. 377
Calculating capital plus OandM costs p. 378
Comparing alternatives p. 378
Hazardous materials p. 378
The role of the solid waste engineer p. 380
Epilogue p. 383
Appendix A p. 387
Appendix B p. 404
Appendix C p. 416
Author Index p. 420
Subject Index p. 423