International review of cytology : a survey of cell biology. V.253 /

Front Cover 1
A Survey of Cell Biology 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Chapter 1: Multifunctional Arm Repeat Domains in Plants 12
I. Introduction 12
II. Prototypical Eukaryotic Arm Repeat Proteins 13
A. Structure of the Arm Repeat Domain 13
B. beta-Catenin's Dual Role in Cell Adhesion and Transcriptional Regulation 15
C. The Eukaryotic Importin alpha Proteins in Nuclear Transport 17
D. Yeast Vac8p and Vacuolar Processes 17
III. Plant Arm Repeat Proteins 18
A. Predicted Arm Repeat Proteins in the Arabidopsis, Rice, and Chlamydomonas Genomes 20
B. Plant U-box Arm E3 Ubiquitin Ligases 24
C. Other Arm Repeat Proteins Involved in Arabidopsis Growth and Development 29
IV. Conclusions 31
Acknowledgments 31
References 32
Chapter 2: Bacterial Cell Division: The Mechanism and Its Precison 38
I. Introduction 38
II. Bacterial Cell Division: The Players 39
A. The FtsZ Story 40
B. FtsA 49
C. FtsK 52
D. FtsQ, FtsL, and FtsB 55
E. FtsW 58
F. FtsI 60
G. FtsN 62
III. Division Regulation 64
A. Proteins Affecting Z Ring Positioning 64
B. Proteins Affecting Z Ring Polymerization 75
C. Cell-Cycle Control of Bacterial Cell Division 80
IV. Concluding Remarks 89
References 89
Chapter 3: Plant Prevacuolar/Endosomal Compartments 106
I. Introduction 106
II. General Features of Secretory and Endocytic Pathways 107
A. Organization of the Vacuolar System 107
B. Endocytic Pathways 109
C. PVC Converges Secretory and Endocytic Pathways 110
III. Functions of the PVC 112
A. Roles of the PVC 112
B. Receptor-Mediated Sorting 114
IV. Dynamics of PVCs 117
A. Molecular Markers for PVCs/Endosomes 117
B. Dynamics of Plant PVCs 121
C. Multivesicular Nature and Biogenesis of PVCs/Endosomes 124
V. Proteomic Studies of Plant PVCs 129
A. Plant PVC Proteomics 129
B. Challenges in PVC Proteomics 129
VI. Concluding Remarks 130
References 131
Chapter 4: Role of Peripherin/rds in Vertebrate Photoreceptor Architecture and Inherited Retinal Degenerations 142
I. Introduction 142
II. Role for Photoreceptor Morphogenesis 143
A. Photoreceptor Structure 143
B. OS Renewal 144
C. The Retinal Degeneration Slow (rds) Mouse 145
D. The rds Defect and Normal rds Gene 146
III. Conservation and Predicted Protein Features 147
A. P/rds Orthologs in Vertebrate Retinas 147
B. Primary Sequence Analysis 147
C. P/rds Paralogs: Functionally Related or Redundant Elements 150
D. Kinship within the Tetraspanin Protein Family 151
IV. Protein Localization and Characterization 152
A. A Role at OS Disk Rims 152
B. Protein Domain Structures and Interactions 154
V. Role in Retinal Disease 162
A. Pathogenic Mutations in RDS: Heterogeneous Clinical Phenotypes 162
B. Mutational Effects in Animals and Other Expression Systems 166
C. Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Approaches 169
VI. Model for Molecular Function 171
VII. Concluding Remarks 175
References 176
Chapter 5: Structural and Immunocytochemical Characterization of Keratinization in Vertebrate Epidermis and Epidermal Derivatives 188
I. Introduction 189
II. Comparative Cytology of Vertebrate Epidermis: From Keratinization to Cornification 191
A. Fish Epidermis: Adaptation to Water 191
B. Amphibian Epidermis: Transition from Aquatic to Terrestrial Environment 196
C. Reptilian Epidermis: Keratinization versus Cornification for a Terrestrial Ectotherm Lifestyle 197
D. Avian Epidermis: Adaptation to Flight and Homeothermy 201
E. Mammalian Epidermis: Adaptation to Different Environment and Homeothermy 202
III. Cytology of Keratinocytes and Their Organelles during Terminal Differentiation 204
A. Soft Keratins or Cytokeratins in Vertebrates 205
B. Keratin-Associated Proteins 213
C. Hard Keratins or Keratin-Associated Proteins 227
IV. Areas of Dermal-Epidermal Interactions and Epidermal Derivatives 237
A. Reptilian Scales 240
B. Feathers and Their Evolution 242
C. Hairs and Their Evolution 245
D. Evolution of the Stratum Corneum and Epidermal Derivatives 250
V. Conclusions and Future Directions 257
Acknowledgments 258
References 259
Index 272