Forest ecosystems : analysis at multiple scales / 2nd ed.
副标题：无
作 者：Richard H. Waring, Steven W. Running.
分类号：
ISBN：9780127354439
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简介
Summary:
Publisher Summary 1
Explains methods for integrating the analysis of forests at the individual stand, landscape, regional, continental, and global scales. Introduces a framework and a set of tools that provide a quantitative basis for judging the implications of a wide variety of forest management decisions of the natural resource base. The 1985 edition, a solo effort by Waring, is here revised to emphasize quantitative modeling and extrapolations across large spatial and time scales. The CD-ROM is also new, and contains animated images and computer code for two of the models presented. Suitable as a graduate or undergraduate textbook. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.
Publisher Summary 2
This book provides new methods of analysis by introducing new techniques to explore the changes in climatic cycles, the implications of wide-scale pollution, fire and other ecological disturbances that have a global effect on all life forms. It provides the reader with almost 40 percent new material in an attempt to organize principles and provide examples for expanding the horizon of ecosystem analyses. It also defines terms and explains concepts in a variety of ways by providing models, equations, graphs, and tabular examples. To help facilitate analysis, the book includes a CD-ROM with additional illustrations and Forest BGC software.
* Additional coverage of regional and global scaling issues
* New chapters on ecosystem modeling, remote sensing and monitoring of atmospheric chemistry added
* Includes a CD-ROM with additional illustrations and Forest BGC Software
目录
Preface to the Third Edition p. xi
Preface to the Second Edition p. xiii
Preface to the First Edition p. xv
Acknowledgments p. xvii
Forest Ecosystem Analysis at Multiple Time and Space Scales
Introduction p. 1
The Scientific Domain of Forest Ecosystem Analysis p. 2
The Space/Time Domain of Ecosystem Analysis p. 4
Time and Space Scaling from the Stand/Seasonal Level p. 10
Management Applications of Ecosystem Analysis p. 14
Related Textbooks p. 16
Web Site for Updated Materials p. 16
Introduction to Analysis of Seasonal Cycles of Water, Carbon, and Minerals through Forest Stands
Water Cycles
Introduction p. 19
Heat and Water Vapor Transfer from Vegetation p. 21
Water Flow through Trees p. 34
Water Storage and Losses from Snow p. 46
Water Flow across and through Soil p. 50
Coupled Water Balance Models p. 52
Summary p. 57
Carbon Cycle
Introduction p. 59
Photosynthesis p. 62
Autotrophic Respiration p. 67
Heterotrophic Respiration p. 71
Modeling Photosynthesis and Respiration p. 76
Net Primary Production and Allocation p. 82
Comparison of Forest Ecosystem Models p. 96
Summary p. 98
Mineral Cycles
Introduction p. 99
Plant Processes Affecting Nutrient Cycling p. 100
Sources of Nutrients p. 111
Soil and Litter Processes p. 119
Mass Balance and Models of Mineral Cycles p. 138
Summary p. 144
Introduction to Temporal Scaling
Temporal Changes in Forest Structure and Function
Introduction p. 149
Structural Stages in Stand Development p. 151
Functional Responses of Stands at Different Stages in Development p. 159
Looking Back in Time p. 162
Ecosystem Models, Projections Forward in Time p. 168
Summary p. 180
Susceptibility and Response of Forests to Disturbance
Introduction p. 183
Biotic Factors p. 184
Abiotic Factors p. 203
Summary p. 218
Introduction to Spatial Scaling and Spatial/Temporal Modeling
Spatial Scaling Methods for Landscape and Regional Ecosystem Analysis
Introduction p. 225
Abiotic Site Variables p. 231
Providing the Driving Variables, Climatology p. 236
Describing the Ecosystem p. 243
Spatially Explicit Landscape Pattern Analysis p. 257
Data Layer Inconsistencies p. 259
Summary p. 259
Regional and Landscape Ecological Analysis
Introduction p. 261
Horizontal Connections: Biotic Analysis of Forest Patterns p. 262
Vertical Connections: Forest-Atmosphere Interactions p. 272
Vertical and Horizontal Connections: Regional Biogeochemistry p. 274
Summary p. 288
The Role of Forests in Global Ecology
Introduction p. 291
Global Forest Distribution p. 292
Forest-Climate Interactions p. 300
Forests in the Global Carbon Cycle p. 303
Forests and Biodiversity p. 310
Sustainability of Global Forests p. 314
Summary p. 315
Advances in Eddy-Flux Analyses, Remote Sensing, and Evidence of Climate Change
Introduction p. 317
Eddy-Covariance Fluxes p. 318
New Remote Sensing of Forests p. 328
Climate Change and Forests p. 339
Epilogue p. 345
Bibliography p. 347
Index p. 409
Preface to the Second Edition p. xiii
Preface to the First Edition p. xv
Acknowledgments p. xvii
Forest Ecosystem Analysis at Multiple Time and Space Scales
Introduction p. 1
The Scientific Domain of Forest Ecosystem Analysis p. 2
The Space/Time Domain of Ecosystem Analysis p. 4
Time and Space Scaling from the Stand/Seasonal Level p. 10
Management Applications of Ecosystem Analysis p. 14
Related Textbooks p. 16
Web Site for Updated Materials p. 16
Introduction to Analysis of Seasonal Cycles of Water, Carbon, and Minerals through Forest Stands
Water Cycles
Introduction p. 19
Heat and Water Vapor Transfer from Vegetation p. 21
Water Flow through Trees p. 34
Water Storage and Losses from Snow p. 46
Water Flow across and through Soil p. 50
Coupled Water Balance Models p. 52
Summary p. 57
Carbon Cycle
Introduction p. 59
Photosynthesis p. 62
Autotrophic Respiration p. 67
Heterotrophic Respiration p. 71
Modeling Photosynthesis and Respiration p. 76
Net Primary Production and Allocation p. 82
Comparison of Forest Ecosystem Models p. 96
Summary p. 98
Mineral Cycles
Introduction p. 99
Plant Processes Affecting Nutrient Cycling p. 100
Sources of Nutrients p. 111
Soil and Litter Processes p. 119
Mass Balance and Models of Mineral Cycles p. 138
Summary p. 144
Introduction to Temporal Scaling
Temporal Changes in Forest Structure and Function
Introduction p. 149
Structural Stages in Stand Development p. 151
Functional Responses of Stands at Different Stages in Development p. 159
Looking Back in Time p. 162
Ecosystem Models, Projections Forward in Time p. 168
Summary p. 180
Susceptibility and Response of Forests to Disturbance
Introduction p. 183
Biotic Factors p. 184
Abiotic Factors p. 203
Summary p. 218
Introduction to Spatial Scaling and Spatial/Temporal Modeling
Spatial Scaling Methods for Landscape and Regional Ecosystem Analysis
Introduction p. 225
Abiotic Site Variables p. 231
Providing the Driving Variables, Climatology p. 236
Describing the Ecosystem p. 243
Spatially Explicit Landscape Pattern Analysis p. 257
Data Layer Inconsistencies p. 259
Summary p. 259
Regional and Landscape Ecological Analysis
Introduction p. 261
Horizontal Connections: Biotic Analysis of Forest Patterns p. 262
Vertical Connections: Forest-Atmosphere Interactions p. 272
Vertical and Horizontal Connections: Regional Biogeochemistry p. 274
Summary p. 288
The Role of Forests in Global Ecology
Introduction p. 291
Global Forest Distribution p. 292
Forest-Climate Interactions p. 300
Forests in the Global Carbon Cycle p. 303
Forests and Biodiversity p. 310
Sustainability of Global Forests p. 314
Summary p. 315
Advances in Eddy-Flux Analyses, Remote Sensing, and Evidence of Climate Change
Introduction p. 317
Eddy-Covariance Fluxes p. 318
New Remote Sensing of Forests p. 328
Climate Change and Forests p. 339
Epilogue p. 345
Bibliography p. 347
Index p. 409
Forest ecosystems : analysis at multiple scales / 2nd ed.
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