简介
The Soviet external empire fell in 1989 virtually without bloodshed. The domino-like collapse of the communist regimes of Eastern Europe was not anticipated by political experts in either the East or the West. Most surprising of all was the Soviet Union's permissive reactions to the secession. For the first time in modern history, such an epochal upheaval could take place not only without war but also without major international tensions.
This book is the first comprehensive scholarly attempt to elucidate Soviet behavior toward Eastern Europe in 1989. Jacques Lévesque thoroughly analyses the policies of the USSR toward Eastern Europe during the Gorbachev era and clarifies the goals that underpinned these policies.
Based on interviews with political leaders and exhaustive research in Russia, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, and the other ex-Warsaw Pact countries, this book traces the nuances of each country's case as a set of continually changing, mutually reinforcing causes and effects.
目录
Acknowledgments and Notes on Sources
Introduction: The Meaning of Events That Changed the World p. 1
The Place of Eastern Europe in Gorbachev's Political Project
Gorbachev's Foreign Policy and the Nature of His Enterprise p. 9
The European Initiative p. 37
The Meaning of Soviet Immobilism in Eastern Europe: From 1985 to the Summer of 1988 p. 52
The Second Half of 1988: The Turning Point p. 75
1989: The Apotheosis of the Soviet Union's New Foreign Policy
Soviet Scenarios for Eastern Europe's Future at the Beginning of 1989 p. 93
Poland: The Ideal Model p. 110
Hungary: An Acceptable (and Accepted) Evolution p. 128
East Germany: The Fatal Acceleration p. 143
Bulgaria: The Most Faithful Ally until the Very End p. 165
Czechoslovakia: From Neglect to Paralysis p. 177
Romania: The Tangle of Plots and Mysteries p. 191
The Great Project's Ruin
After the Earthquake p. 207
The Reunification and Status of Germany: The Last Battle for Europe p. 219
The Agony and the End of the Warsaw Pact p. 239
Conclusion p. 252
Index p. 259
Introduction: The Meaning of Events That Changed the World p. 1
The Place of Eastern Europe in Gorbachev's Political Project
Gorbachev's Foreign Policy and the Nature of His Enterprise p. 9
The European Initiative p. 37
The Meaning of Soviet Immobilism in Eastern Europe: From 1985 to the Summer of 1988 p. 52
The Second Half of 1988: The Turning Point p. 75
1989: The Apotheosis of the Soviet Union's New Foreign Policy
Soviet Scenarios for Eastern Europe's Future at the Beginning of 1989 p. 93
Poland: The Ideal Model p. 110
Hungary: An Acceptable (and Accepted) Evolution p. 128
East Germany: The Fatal Acceleration p. 143
Bulgaria: The Most Faithful Ally until the Very End p. 165
Czechoslovakia: From Neglect to Paralysis p. 177
Romania: The Tangle of Plots and Mysteries p. 191
The Great Project's Ruin
After the Earthquake p. 207
The Reunification and Status of Germany: The Last Battle for Europe p. 219
The Agony and the End of the Warsaw Pact p. 239
Conclusion p. 252
Index p. 259
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