Bioenergetics / 3rd ed.

Preface p. ix
Note to the reader p. xiii
Glossary p. xv
Chemiosmotic Energy Transduction p. 3
Introduction p. 3
The chemiosmotic theory: fundamentals p. 3
The basic morphology of energy-transducing membranes p. 7
Overview p. 14
Ion Transport Across Energy-Conserving Membranes p. 17
Introduction p. 17
The classification of ion transport p. 17
Bilayer-mediated transport p. 21
Protein-catalysed transport p. 25
Swelling and the co-ordinate movement of ions across membranes p. 26
Quantitative Bioenergetics: the Measurement of Driving Forces p. 31
Introduction p. 31
Gibbs energy and displacement from equilibrium p. 33
Oxidation-reduction (redox) potentials p. 40
Ion electrochemical potential differences p. 46
Photons p. 47
Bioenergetic interconversions and thermodynamic constraints on their stoichiometries p. 48
The equilibrium distributions of ions, weak acids and weak bases p. 50
Membrane potentials, diffusion potentials, Donnan potentials and surface potentials p. 52
The Chemiosmotic Proton Circuit p. 57
Introduction p. 57
The measurement of protonmotive force p. 59
The stoichiometry of proton extrusion by the respiratory chain p. 66
The stoichiometry of proton uptake by the ATP synthase p. 68
Proton current and respiratory control p. 69
Proton conductance p. 73
Mitochondrial respiration rate and metabolic control analysis p. 77
Overall parameters of energy transduction p. 81
Reversed electron transfer and the proton circuit driven by ATP hydrolysis p. 83
ATP synthesis driven by an artificial protonmotive force p. 85
Kinetic competence of [Delta]p in the proton circuit p. 86
Light-dependent ATP synthesis by bovine heart ATP synthase p. 87
Respiratory Chains p. 89
Introduction p. 89
Components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain p. 89
The sequence of redox carriers in the respiratory chain p. 95
The mechanism of electron transfer p. 99
Proton translocation by the respiratory chain: 'loops', 'conformation pumps' or both? p. 105
Complex I (NADH-UQ oxidoreductase) p. 107
Delivering electrons to ubiquinone without proton translocation p. 111
Ubiquinone and complex III (bc[subscript 1] or UQ-cyt c oxidoreductase) p. 114
Cytochrome c and complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase; ferrocytochrome c: O[subscript 2] oxidoreductase) p. 119
Overall proton and charge movements catalysed by the respiratory chain: correlation with the P/O ratio p. 126
Superoxide production by complexes I and III p. 127
Oxidative stress p. 129
The nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase p. 130
Electron transport in mitochondria of non-mammalian cells p. 131
Bacterial respiratory chains p. 134
Photosynthetic Generators of Protonmotive Force p. 157
Introduction p. 157
The light reaction of photosynthesis in Rhodobacter sphaeroides and related organisms p. 159
The generation by illumination or respiration of [Delta]p in photosynthetic bacteria p. 168
The electron-transfer and light-capture pathway in green plants and algae p. 171
Bacteriorhodopsin and halorhodopsin p. 186
The ATP Synthase p. 195
Introduction p. 195
F[subscript 1] and F[subscript o] p. 195
The subunits of the F[subscript 1].F[subscript o]-ATPase p. 198
The structure of F[subscript 1].F[subscript o] p. 199
Enzymology of ATP synthase p. 204
Relating the structure to function for ATP synthase p. 210
Non-thermodynamic regulation of the ATP synthase p. 216
Proton translocation by other ATPases and pyrophosphatases p. 216
Metabolite and Ion Transport p. 219
Introduction p. 219
Mitochondrial cation transporters p. 220
Mitochondrial metabolite transporters p. 225
The transfer of electrons from cytoplasmic NADH to the respiratory chain p. 229
The phosphate and adenine nucleotide transporters p. 230
The uncoupling protein family p. 232
Bacterial transport p. 234
Transport (movement) of bacterial cells p. 246
Transport of macromolecules across bacterial membranes p. 247
Mitochondria in the Cell p. 249
Introduction p. 249
Monitoring [Delta psi subscript m] and ATP synthesis in intact cells p. 251
Mitochondria and cellular Ca[superscript 2+] homeostasis p. 255
Mitochondria and programmed cell death p. 258
Mitochondria and necrotic cell death p. 261
The mitochondrial genome p. 263
Import and assembly of mitochondrial proteins p. 264
Mitochondrial genetic diseases p. 266
Mitochondrial involvement in neurodegenerative diseases p. 268
References p. 271
Protein structures p. 283
Index p. 287