简介
"The effects of desegregation and the legacy of the civil rights movement continue to influence American race relations more than thirty years after Brown v. Board of Education, arguably the most significant legal decision of the twentieth century. This brief volume reprints documents from and about the Brown case along with a number of relevant works by W.E.B. Du Bois, Zora Neale Hurston, and the NAACP to illustrate the myriad responses - then and now - to the African American struggle for equality. A general introduction analyzes the case's legal precedents and situates the case in the historical context of Jim Crow discrimination and the burgeoning development of the NAACP. Photographs, a collection of political cartoons, a chronology, questions for consideration, a bibliography, and an index are also included."--BOOK JACKET.
目录
Foreword p. v
Preface p. vii
Introduction: Shades of Brown: Black Freedom, White Supremacy, and the Law p. 1
Historical Backdrop: The Constitution, the Law, and Fighting Jim Crow p. 3
The Evolution of the NAACP Legal Campaign Against Jim Crow p. 7
The NAACP's Legal Strategy Challenged p. 14
The Growing Anti-Racist Offensive: An American Dilemma Confronts World War II p. 19
Continuity and Change in the Legal Struggle: Equality, Equalization, and Direct Attack p. 22
Politics, Social Change, and Decision-Making within the Supreme Court: The Crafting of Brown p. 27
The Brown Decision: Immediate Responses and Immediate Consequences p. 32
1. Roberts v. City of Boston (1849) p. 42
A Petition on Behalf of Black Inclusion in the Boston Common Schools, October 17, 1787 p. 42
A Black Teacher's Travail, 1850s Fugitive Slave Poster, 1851 Maria W. Stewart p. 43
Brief for Public School Integration, 1849 Charles Sumner p. 47
Opinion of the Court in Roberts v. City of Boston, 1849 Massachusetts Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw p. 57
2. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) p. 61
"Civil Rights: The Outrage of the Supreme Court of the United States upon the Black Man," 1889 Henry McNeal Turner p. 61
"The Case Stated," 1895 Ida B. Wells-Barnett p. 68
"We Wear the Mask," 1895 Paul Laurence Dunbar p. 74
Majority Opinion in Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 Justice Henry Brown p. 76
Dissenting Opinion in Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 Justice John Marshall Harlan p. 81
3. Sweatt v. Painter (1950) and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950) p. 87
"Letters of Negro Migrants of 1916-1918," 1919 p. 87
"I, Too," 1926 Langston Hughes p. 90
"Does the Negro Need Separate Schools?" 1935 W. E. B. Du Bois p. 91
From An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy, 1944 Gunnar Myrdal p. 102
The Petitioner's Brief in Sweatt v. Painter, 1950 p. 110
Opinion of the Court in Sweatt v. Painter, 1950 Chief Justice Fred Vinson p. 116
Opinion of the Court in McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 1950 Chief Justice Fred Vinson p. 118
4. Brown v. Board of Education (1952-55) p. 121
Mississippi Voter Registration Form, 1955 p. 123
The Lower Court Round: Preliminary Deliberations p. 126
Decision in Briggs v. Elliott, 1951 Judge John J. Parker p. 126
Dissent in Briggs v. Elliott, 1951 Judge J. Waties Waring p. 131
The Supreme Court Rounds: The Making of Brown I and Brown II p. 137
Round 1 Setting the Stage p. 137
Appellants' Brief, 1952 p. 137
"The Effects of Segregation and the Consequences of Desegregation: A Social Science Statement," Appendix to Appellants' Brief p. 142
Appellees' Brief, 1952 p. 151
Round 2 Reargument on Original Intent and Possible Relief p. 156
The Supreme Court's Order: The Questions, 1953 p. 156
Appellants' Brief, 1953 p. 158
Appellees' Brief (1953) p. 162
Federal Friend-of-the-Court Brief, 1953 p. 165
Opinion of the Court in Brown v. Board of Education, May 17, 1954 Chief Justice Earl Warren p. 168
Round 3 Reargument on Remedy--Immediate or Gradual? p. 175
Appellants' Brief, 1954 p. 175
Appellees' Brief, 1954 p. 184
Appellants' Reply Brief, 1954 p. 187
Ruling on Relief, May 31, 1955 Chief Justice Earl Warren p. 194
5. Popular Response to Brown p. 199
Newspaper Editorials p. 199
"All God's Chillun," Times (New York), May 18, 1954 The Decision of A Century, Daily World (Atlanta), May 18, 1954 p. 202
Will Stun Communists, Courier (Pittsburgh), May 18, 1954 p. 202
End of Dual Society, Defender (Chicago), May 18, 1954 p. 203
Emancipation, Post and Times Herald (Washington, D.C.), May 18, 1954 p. 203
The Supreme Court Has Given Us Time, Constitution (Atlanta) May 18, 1954 p. 204
Bloodstains on White Marble Steps, Daily News (Jackson, Miss.), May 18, 1954 p. 204
The Pattern of the Future, Gazette (Arkansas), May 18, 1954 p. 205
Equality Redefined, Herald (Boston), May 18, 1954 p. 205
The Segregation Decision, Times (Los Angeles), May 19, 1954 p. 206
"Violates" Way of Life, Cavalier Daily, University of Virginia, May 18, 1954 p. 206
Adjustment Held Difficult, Mississippian, University of Mississippi, May 18, 1954 p. 207
Letters to Editors p. 207
Times (New York), May 31, 1954 p. 208
Sentinel (Orlando), August 11, 1955 p. 209
Political Cartoons p. 212
Chronicle (San Francisco), May 18, 1954 p. 213
Christian Science Monitor (Boston), May 22, 1954 p. 214
Democrat (Arkansas), May 22, 1954 p. 215
Tennessean (Nashville), May 22, 1954 p. 216
Afro-American (Richmond), May 22, 1954 p. 217
Defender (Chicago), June 12, 1954 p. 218
White Backlash p. 218
The Southern Manifesto, March 12, 1956 p. 220
White Citizen's Council Notice p. 222
National Progress Report: Realizing Integrated Schools p. 223
Decade of Desegregation, Times (New York), May 17, 1964 p. 224
Two Decades Later, Times (New York), May 17, 1974 p. 225
The Enduring Promise of Brown, Times (New York), May 17, 1984 p. 227
Forty Years and Still Struggling, Times (New York), May 18, 1994 p. 228
Epilogue: The Legacy of Brown p. 230
Appendices
Chronology of Events Related to Brown v. Board of Education p. 238
Selected Bibliography p. 241
Index p. 247
Preface p. vii
Introduction: Shades of Brown: Black Freedom, White Supremacy, and the Law p. 1
Historical Backdrop: The Constitution, the Law, and Fighting Jim Crow p. 3
The Evolution of the NAACP Legal Campaign Against Jim Crow p. 7
The NAACP's Legal Strategy Challenged p. 14
The Growing Anti-Racist Offensive: An American Dilemma Confronts World War II p. 19
Continuity and Change in the Legal Struggle: Equality, Equalization, and Direct Attack p. 22
Politics, Social Change, and Decision-Making within the Supreme Court: The Crafting of Brown p. 27
The Brown Decision: Immediate Responses and Immediate Consequences p. 32
1. Roberts v. City of Boston (1849) p. 42
A Petition on Behalf of Black Inclusion in the Boston Common Schools, October 17, 1787 p. 42
A Black Teacher's Travail, 1850s Fugitive Slave Poster, 1851 Maria W. Stewart p. 43
Brief for Public School Integration, 1849 Charles Sumner p. 47
Opinion of the Court in Roberts v. City of Boston, 1849 Massachusetts Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw p. 57
2. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) p. 61
"Civil Rights: The Outrage of the Supreme Court of the United States upon the Black Man," 1889 Henry McNeal Turner p. 61
"The Case Stated," 1895 Ida B. Wells-Barnett p. 68
"We Wear the Mask," 1895 Paul Laurence Dunbar p. 74
Majority Opinion in Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 Justice Henry Brown p. 76
Dissenting Opinion in Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 Justice John Marshall Harlan p. 81
3. Sweatt v. Painter (1950) and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950) p. 87
"Letters of Negro Migrants of 1916-1918," 1919 p. 87
"I, Too," 1926 Langston Hughes p. 90
"Does the Negro Need Separate Schools?" 1935 W. E. B. Du Bois p. 91
From An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy, 1944 Gunnar Myrdal p. 102
The Petitioner's Brief in Sweatt v. Painter, 1950 p. 110
Opinion of the Court in Sweatt v. Painter, 1950 Chief Justice Fred Vinson p. 116
Opinion of the Court in McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 1950 Chief Justice Fred Vinson p. 118
4. Brown v. Board of Education (1952-55) p. 121
Mississippi Voter Registration Form, 1955 p. 123
The Lower Court Round: Preliminary Deliberations p. 126
Decision in Briggs v. Elliott, 1951 Judge John J. Parker p. 126
Dissent in Briggs v. Elliott, 1951 Judge J. Waties Waring p. 131
The Supreme Court Rounds: The Making of Brown I and Brown II p. 137
Round 1 Setting the Stage p. 137
Appellants' Brief, 1952 p. 137
"The Effects of Segregation and the Consequences of Desegregation: A Social Science Statement," Appendix to Appellants' Brief p. 142
Appellees' Brief, 1952 p. 151
Round 2 Reargument on Original Intent and Possible Relief p. 156
The Supreme Court's Order: The Questions, 1953 p. 156
Appellants' Brief, 1953 p. 158
Appellees' Brief (1953) p. 162
Federal Friend-of-the-Court Brief, 1953 p. 165
Opinion of the Court in Brown v. Board of Education, May 17, 1954 Chief Justice Earl Warren p. 168
Round 3 Reargument on Remedy--Immediate or Gradual? p. 175
Appellants' Brief, 1954 p. 175
Appellees' Brief, 1954 p. 184
Appellants' Reply Brief, 1954 p. 187
Ruling on Relief, May 31, 1955 Chief Justice Earl Warren p. 194
5. Popular Response to Brown p. 199
Newspaper Editorials p. 199
"All God's Chillun," Times (New York), May 18, 1954 The Decision of A Century, Daily World (Atlanta), May 18, 1954 p. 202
Will Stun Communists, Courier (Pittsburgh), May 18, 1954 p. 202
End of Dual Society, Defender (Chicago), May 18, 1954 p. 203
Emancipation, Post and Times Herald (Washington, D.C.), May 18, 1954 p. 203
The Supreme Court Has Given Us Time, Constitution (Atlanta) May 18, 1954 p. 204
Bloodstains on White Marble Steps, Daily News (Jackson, Miss.), May 18, 1954 p. 204
The Pattern of the Future, Gazette (Arkansas), May 18, 1954 p. 205
Equality Redefined, Herald (Boston), May 18, 1954 p. 205
The Segregation Decision, Times (Los Angeles), May 19, 1954 p. 206
"Violates" Way of Life, Cavalier Daily, University of Virginia, May 18, 1954 p. 206
Adjustment Held Difficult, Mississippian, University of Mississippi, May 18, 1954 p. 207
Letters to Editors p. 207
Times (New York), May 31, 1954 p. 208
Sentinel (Orlando), August 11, 1955 p. 209
Political Cartoons p. 212
Chronicle (San Francisco), May 18, 1954 p. 213
Christian Science Monitor (Boston), May 22, 1954 p. 214
Democrat (Arkansas), May 22, 1954 p. 215
Tennessean (Nashville), May 22, 1954 p. 216
Afro-American (Richmond), May 22, 1954 p. 217
Defender (Chicago), June 12, 1954 p. 218
White Backlash p. 218
The Southern Manifesto, March 12, 1956 p. 220
White Citizen's Council Notice p. 222
National Progress Report: Realizing Integrated Schools p. 223
Decade of Desegregation, Times (New York), May 17, 1964 p. 224
Two Decades Later, Times (New York), May 17, 1974 p. 225
The Enduring Promise of Brown, Times (New York), May 17, 1984 p. 227
Forty Years and Still Struggling, Times (New York), May 18, 1994 p. 228
Epilogue: The Legacy of Brown p. 230
Appendices
Chronology of Events Related to Brown v. Board of Education p. 238
Selected Bibliography p. 241
Index p. 247
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