Anglo-American criticism ; Moral criticism (F.R. Leavis) / John Bunyan ; New criticism / John Keats ; 'Rhetoric of fiction' / Henry James
Russian formalism ; 'Baring the device' / Laurence Sterne ; 'Making strange' (defamiliarisation) / Craig Rame and William Golding
Structuralism ; Naturalisation / Christopher Smart ; Binary oppositions / Arthur Miller ; Narrative theory / John Updike ; Metaphor and metonymy / Eugene O'neill and Charles Dickens
Poststructuralism ; The semiotics of the sign and the subject / Nathaniel Hawthorne ; Psychoanalytic criticism / William Shakespeare
Deconstruction ; William Wordsworth, Emily Dickinson ; New Historicism / William Shakespeare
Reader-response criticism ; Phenomenology (Geneva School) and deconstruction / William Wordsworth ; Norman Holland and Roland Barthes / Wallace Stevens ; Johnathan Culler and Roland Barthes / Edgar Allan Poe ; Wolfgang Iser / Harold Pinter
Hans Robert Jauss / Arnold Wesker, Samuel Beckett
Marxist and feminist criticism ; Marxist and feminist criticism (class and gender) / John Milton ; Feminist criticism (reading as a woman) / Kingsley Amis ; Feminist criticism (writing as a woman) / Anne Bradstreet, Fleur Adcock ; Marxist criticism (literature and ideology) / Daniel Defoe ; Marxism and modernism (Lukacs and Brecht) / James Joyce ; Marxist criticism (class struggle and Bakhtin) / William Shakespeare.