Table Of Contents:
Summary 1(8)

Controlling The Quantum World: Amo Science In The Coming Decade 9(21)

What Is the Nature of Physical Law? 10(4)

What Happens at the Lowest Temperatures in the Universe? 14(2)

What Happens at the Highest Temperatures in the Universe? 16(2)

Can We Control the Inner Workings of a Molecule? 18(3)

How Will We Control and Exploit the Nanoworld? 21(1)

What Lies Beyond Moore's Law? 22(3)

AMO Science and National Policies: Conclusions and Recommendations 25(5)

AMO Science and The Basic Laws of Nature 30(23)

Spin Science 30(8)

Magnetometry and Medical Imaging 33(3)

Spin and Basic Forces 36(2)

Energy Levels, Time, and Atomic Clocks 38(5)

New Clock Technologies and GPS 41(1)

Are the Constants of Nature Changing? 42(1)

Measuring Distance and Motion Using Interferometers 43(4)

Optical Sensors for Navigation 43(1)

Direct Detection of Gravitational Waves 44(2)

Matter-Wave Interferometry (de Broglie Wave Interference) 46(1)

Fine Structure Constant 47(1)

AMO Physics in the Study of the Distant Universe 47(5)

AMO Theory and Computation Connections to Astrophysics and Elementary Particle Physics 52(1)

Toward Absolute Zero 53(20)

The Promise of Ultracold Science 53(3)

Condensed Matter Physics in Dilute Atomic Systems 56(5)

Tuning the Interactions Between Atoms 57(1)

Optical Lattices 58(3)

Vortices 61(1)

Molecules and Chemistry 61(3)

Atom Optics 64(5)

Nonlinear Atom Optics 66(2)

Integrated Atom Optics 68(1)

Quantum Atom Optics 68(1)

Reaching Out: Plasmas Nuclear Physics, and More 69(3)

Cold Plasmas 69(3)

The Synergy Between Experiment and Theory 72(1)

Extreme Light 73(25)

Extreme X-Ray Laser Light 73(2)

Tabletop Sources of X Rays 75(5)

Extreme X-Ray Light Sources and the World's First X-Ray Laser Facility 80(7)

AMO Contributions to Single-Molecule Imaging 82(2)

TESLA Test Facility Early Results 84(1)

Inner Shell Atomic Multiple Ionization 84(2)

X-Ray Nonlinear Optics 86(1)

Summary of Extreme X-Ray Light Sources 87(1)

Ultraintense Lasers: Using Extreme Light Sources to Harness Extreme States of Matter 87(11)

NIF and Other Large Facilities 89(1)

High Energy Density Science: Laboratory for Extreme Conditions in the Matter-Filled Universe 90(3)

Accelerating Particles with Light 93(2)

High Energy Density Science and XFELs 95(1)

The Fastest Pulse: Complementarity Between Extreme Light and Extreme Particle Beam Collisions 95(3)

Exploring and Controlling The Inner Workings of A Molecule 98(22)

Which Timescales Are Important? 98(2)

Molecular Movies 100(3)

Theoretical Computation of Ultrafast Molecular Physics 103(1)

Quantum Control 103(6)

Controlling Chemical Reactions: A Short History 104(1)

Quantum Interference: A Route to Quantum Control 104(1)

How Do We Shape an Ultrafast Laser Pulse? 105(2)

Aligning Molecules 107(2)

Looking to the Future: Can We See an Electron's Motion? 109(1)

Slowing Down the Electrons: Rydberg Electrons 109(1)

Speeding Up the Pulse: Attosecond Science 109(2)

Making Attosecond Pulses 110(1)

Using Attosecond Pulses 110(1)

Hard Photons and Fast Electrons 111(1)

In Real Life, Timescales Overlap 111(4)

Controlling the Ultimate in Timescales 114(1)

Probing Time-Dependent Molecular Structure with Electrons 115(3)

An In Situ Approach to Ultrafast Electron Scattering 117(1)

The Future 118(2)

Photonics and The Nanoworld 120(17)

Opportunities in Size-Dependent Design 121(2)

Visualizing the Nanoworld 123(4)

Reducing the Wavelength 123(1)

Scanning Probe Microscopes 124(2)

Using New Materials to Build a Better Microscope 126(1)

Constructing the Nanoworld 127(4)

From the Top Down 127(3)

From the Bottom Up 130(1)

Extending the Promise of the Nanoworld 131(6)

Controlling Light with Photonic Crystals 131(2)

Atomtronics 133(1)

Nanotubes in Televisions 134(1)

Nanotechnology in Medicine 134(2)

Nano-sized Sensors and Lighting 136(1)

Quantum Information With Light And Atoms 137(33)

The Quantum Information Revolution 137(2)

What Is Information? 139(3)

Why Quantum Information? 139(3)

Quantum Information at the Frontiers of Science 142(3)

Quantum Information Technology 145(3)

Quantum Communication 148(4)

Quantum Cryptography: A Real-World Application 148(2)

Quantum Teleportation Demystified 150(2)

Vision for Large-Scale Quantum Hardware 152(9)

Trapped Atomic Ions 153(1)

Optical Lattices 154(1)

Solid-State Quantum Bits 155(1)

Photonic Qubits 155(2)

Qubit Converters Between Atoms and Photons 157(4)

What Would We Want to Compute with a Quantum Processor? 161(6)

Using a Quantum Processor to Predict the Behavior of Complex Quantum Systems 167(2)

Looking Forward 169(1)

Realizing The Future 170

The Current Status of AMO Physics Program Support 171(4)

Maintaining U.S. Leadership in a Critical Area of Science and Technology 175(4)

Planning for Future U.S. Leadership in AMO Science 179(16)

Intellectual Outlines of Research Currently Supported 180(2)

Information About Funding 182(2)

Information About People 184(1)

Information About New Modalities 185(2)

Foreign Competition 187(1)

Logistical Issues in the United States 188

Program Conclusions on Support for AMO Science 190(5)

APPENDIXES

AMO 2010 Queries to Federal Funding Agencies 195(2)

Funding 197(7)

Foreign Activity in AMO Science 204(5)

Intellectual Outlines of Current Research 209(8)

People 217(5)

New Research Modalities 222