American social welfare policy : a pluralist approach / 3rd ed.

Table Of Contents:
Preface xi
PART ONE AMERICAN SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY 1(156)

Social Policy And The American Welfare State 2(37)

Definitions of Social Welfare Policy 3(1)

Social Problems and Social Welfare Policy 4(2)

Values, Ideology, and Social Welfare Policy 6(1)

The Political-Economy of American Social Welfare 7(1)

The American Political Continuum 8(19)

Keynesian Economics 8(1)

Liberalism 9(1)

Liberal Welfare Philosophers 10(1)

Neoliberalism 11(2)

Free Market Economics 13(1)

Classical Conservatives 14(2)

Neoconservatism 16(1)

Neoconservative Think Tanks, Philosophers, and Social Policy 16(2)

The Neoconservative Impact on Social Welfare Policy 18(2)

Other Schools of Thought 20(4)

The Federal Debt and the Budget Crisis 24(3)

Structural Interest Within Social Welfare 27(4)

Traditional Providers 27(1)

Welfare Bureaucrats 27(1)

Clinical Entrepreneurs 28(1)

Human-Service Executives 29(1)

Marginal Interests 30(1)

Conclusion: Pluralism and Recent Social Welfare Initiatives 31(3)

Discussion Questions 34(1)

Notes 34(5)

Social Welfare Policy Research: A Framework For Policy Analysis 39(11)

A Proposed Model for Policy Analysis 41(4)

Policy Framework 41(2)

Political Feasibility of a Policy 43(1)

Economic Feasibility of a Policy 44(1)

Administrative Feasibility of a Policy 44(1)

Researching and Analyzing Social Policies 45(3)

Technology and Social Policy 45(2)

Policy Research 47(1)

The Incompleteness of Policy Analysis 48(1)

Discussion Questions 48(1)

Notes 49(1)

The Origins And Future Of American Social Welfare 50(28)

Early Antecedents of Welfare Statism 50(1)

Judeo-Christian Doctrine and Social Welfare 50(1)

The English Poor Laws 51(2)

The Poor in Colonial America 53(1)

Social Welfare in the Civil War Era 53(1)

Industrialization and the Voluntary Sector 54(9)

Social Darwinism 56(1)

Religion and Social Welfare 57(1)

Charity Organization Societies 58(1)

Settlement Houses 59(1)

African American Associations 60(1)

The Social Casework Agency 61(1)

The Progressive Movement 62(1)

The Great Depression and the Modern Welfare State 63(3)

The Post-World War II Welfare State 66(2)

Social Work's Leadership in Social Welfare 68(2)

Social Work, Politics, and Advocacy Organizations 70(4)

Advocacy Organizations and the New Welfare Institutes 71(1)

Social Work's Impact on Social Welfare Policy 72(2)

Discussion Questions 74(1)

Notes 75(3)

Discrimination And Social Stigma In American Society 78(44)

Discrimination and Oppression 78(2)

Racism 80(12)

Discrimination Against African Americans 80(1)

Evidence of Racism 81(5)

Hispanic Americans and Poverty 86(1)

Native Americans and Poverty 87(2)

Asian Americans 89(2)

Immigrants and Immigration 91(1)

Legal Attempts to Remedy Racism 92(4)

Affirmative Action 93(3)

Sexism: How Do We Know That It Exists? 96(11)

Women and Work 99(1)

Income Disparities Between Men and Women 100(2)

Day Care: A Barrier to Female Employment 102(1)

Other Obstacles to Women and Work 103(1)

Fighting Back: The Equal Rights Amendment and Comparable Worth 104(1)

Abortion and Women's Rights 105(2)

Gays and Lesbians: Two Populations at Risk 107(3)

Ageism 110(2)

People with Disabilities 112(2)

Conclusion 114(1)

Discussion Questions 115(1)

Notes 116(6)

Poverty In America 122(35)

Measuring Poverty 123(1)

Who Make Up the Poor? 124(8)

Family Composition and Poverty 125(1)

``Deadbeat Dads'' 126(2)

Teenage Pregnancy 128(1)

Children in Poverty 129(1)

Poverty and the Elderly 130(1)

The Rural Poor 130(1)

International Comparisons 131(1)

Income Distribution and Inequality 132(3)

Tax Policy and Incomes 134(1)

Work and Poverty 135(6)

The Minimum Wage 136(2)

Underemployment and Unemployment 138(1)

Job Training Programs 139(1)

Dual Labor Markets 139(1)

The Underclass 140(1)

Some Theoretical Formulations about Poverty 141(5)

The Culture of Poverty 142(1)

Eugenics and Poverty 143(1)

The Radical School and Poverty 144(2)

A Note on Strategies Developed to Combat Poverty 146(3)

Conclusion 149(1)

Discussion Questions 150(1)

Notes 151(6)
PART TWO THE VOLUNTARY AND FOR-PROFIT SOCIAL WELFARE SECTOR 157(68)

The Voluntary Sector Today 158(18)

The ``Forgotten Sector'' 159(2)

Advancing Social Justice 161(1)

Contemporary Nonprofit Human Service Organizations 162(9)

The United Way 162(1)

The Aramony Scandal and Elite Philanthropy 163(8)

Conclusion: The Future of the Voluntary Sector 171(2)

Discussion Questions 173(1)

Notes 174(2)

Human-Service Corporations 176(24)

History of the Corporate Sector 178(3)

Corporate Social Responsibility 181(2)

Corporate Influence on Social Welfare Policy 183(3)

The American Enterprise Institute (AEI) 183(1)

The Heritage Foundation 184(2)

The Future of Corporate Involvement in Social Welfare 186(1)

Human-Service Corporations 187(1)

The Scope of Human-Service Corporations 188(1)

New Human-Service Markets 188(6)

Nursing Homes 189(1)

Hospital Management 190(1)

Health Maintenance Organizations 190(1)

Child Care 191(1)

Home Care 192(1)

Corrections 192(1)

Life and Continuing Care 193(1)

Electronic Benefit Transfer 193(1)

Conclusion: Implications for Health and Human-Service Professionals 194(1)

Discussion Questions 195(1)

Notes 196(4)

Privatization and Private Practice 200(25)

The Privatization of Health and Human-Services 201(7)

Commercialization 202(1)

Preferential Selection 203(2)

Cost-Effectiveness 205(1)

Standardization 206(1)

Oligopolization 207(1)

The Challenge of Privatization 208(2)

Unions and the Private Sector 210(2)

Private Practice 212(7)

Private Practice in Social Work 213(3)

The Business of Private Practice 216(1)

The Future of the Private Sector 217(2)

Discussion Questions 219(1)

Notes 220(5)
PART THREE THE GOVERNMENT SECTOR 225(208)

The Making Of Governmental Policy 226(21)

Technical Aspects of the Policy Process 226(3)

A Critical Analysis of the Policy Process 229(4)

The Policy Process 233(9)

Social Stratification 233(1)

Formulation 233(3)

Legislation 236(3)

Implementation 239(1)

Evaluation 240(2)

Conclusion: Implications for Social Welfare 242(3)

Discussion Questions 245(1)

Notes 245(2)

Social Insurance Programs 247(18)

Definition of Social Insurance 247(2)

The Background of Social Insurance 249(1)

Key Social Insurance Programs 250(6)

OASDI 250(1)

Problems in Social Security 251(2)

The Long-Term Prospects for Social Security 253(3)

Unemployment Insurance 256(2)

Problems in Unemployment Insurance 257(1)

Workers' Compensation 258(1)

The Earned Income Tax Credit 259(1)

Supplemental Security Income 260(2)

Conclusion 262(1)

Discussion Questions 263(1)

Notes 263(2)

Public Assistance Programs 265(40)

Some Assumptions that Underlie Public Assistance 265(5)

Myths about Public Assistance 266(4)

Aid to Families with Dependent Children 270(1)

The Evolution and Transformation of the AFDC Program 271(7)

The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 273(4)

State Welfare Reform Waivers 277(1)

General Assistance 278(8)

Issues in Welfare Reform 286(12)

The Race to the Bottom 286(1)

Welfare Behaviorism 287(1)

Time Limits 288(1)

Personal and Parental Responsibility 289(3)

Welfare-to-Work 292(3)

The Inadequacy of Public Assistance Benefits 295(1)

Privatizing Public Welfare 296(2)

Conclusion: Future Prospects for Welfare Reform 298(2)

Discussion Questions 300(1)

Notes 301(4)

The American Health Care System 305(33)

The Organization of Medical Services 305(1)

The Major Public Health Care Programs: Medicare and Medicaid 306(4)

Medicare 306(1)

Medicaid 307(3)

The Health Care Crisis 310(8)

Health Care Expenditures 310(3)

Hospital Costs and Physicians' Salaries 313(1)

Cutting Health Care Costs 314(2)

The Growing Influence of Managed Care 316(1)

The Under- and Uninsured 317(1)

AIDS and Health Care 318(2)

Reforming American Health Care 320(5)

Socialized Medicine 321(1)

National Health Insurance 322(1)

The Clinton National Health Plan 322(1)

Critics of NHI 323(1)

Incremental Reform 324(1)

Comparative Analysis: Health Care in Canada, Britain, and Israel 325(7)

The Canadian Health Care System 326(2)

Britain's National Health Service 328(2)

The Israeli Health Care System 330(2)

Conclusion 332(1)

Discussion Questions 333(1)

Notes 334(4)

Mental Health And Substance Abuse Policy 338(20)

Mental Health Reform 339(1)

The Community Mental Health Centers Act 340(1)

Deinstitutionalization 341(1)

The Revolving Door 342(2)

CMHCs under Siege 344(1)

Preventive Commitment 345(1)

State Innovations in Mental Health 346(2)

Parity for Mental Health Care 348(1)

Substance Abuse 349(5)

History of Substance Abuse 350(1)

Alcohol Abuse 351(2)

Drug Abuse 353(1)

Discussion Questions 354(1)

Notes 355(3)

Criminal Justice 358(18)

History of Criminal Justice 358(1)

The Criminal Justice System 359(4)

Juvenile Justice and the Massachusetts Experiment 361(2)

The War on Drugs 363(7)

The Underclass and ``Moral Poverty'' 367(1)

Legalization of Drugs 368(2)

The ``New Penology'' 370(2)

Conclusion: The Future of Criminal Justice 372(1)

Discussion Questions 373(1)

Notes 374(2)

Child Welfare Policy 376(19)

History of Child Welfare Policy 377(2)

Protective Services for Children 379(3)

Foster Care for Children 382(3)

Adoption 385(1)

Head Start 386(1)

Emerging Issues in Child Welfare 387(3)

Conclusion: The Future of Child Welfare 390(1)

Discussion Questions 391(1)

Notes 392(3)

Housing Policies 395(21)

Overview of Housing Legislation 395(3)

The Federal Government and Low-Income Housing Programs 398(3)

Issues in Housing Policy 401(6)

Problems in Homeownership 401(1)

Problems in Rental Housing 402(4)

Other Factors Affecting Housing 406(1)

Homelessness 407(2)

Attempts to Address Homelessness 408(1)

Housing Reform 409(2)

Conclusion 411(1)

Discussion Questions 412(1)

Notes 413(3)

The Politics of Food Policy and Rural Life 416(17)

Governmental Food Programs 416(5)

A Short History of Food Stamps and a Description of the Program 417(1)

Food Stamps: Who Is in the Program and What Does It Cost? 418(1)

Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) 418(1)

Other Food Programs 419(1)

Have the Food Programs Worked? 420(1)

Farming in America 421(3)

The Ongoing Farming Crisis 422(2)

U. S. Farm Policies 424(2)

Sustainable Agriculture 425(1)

Farmworkers 426(2)

Rural Poverty 428(1)

Conclusion 429(1)

Discussion Questions 429(1)

Notes 430(3)
PART FOUR THE AMERICAN WELFARE STATE IN PERSPECTIVE 433(46)

The American Welfare State In International Perspective 434(19)

James Midgley

The Nature of Globalization 435(1)

The Importance of International Social Welfare 436(1)

Methodological Questions 437(1)

International Perspectives on the American Welfare State 437(4)

Typologies of Welfare States 438(1)

American Welfare Exceptionalism 439(2)

Dynamics of the American Welfare State 441(3)

The Origins and Functions of Social Policy 441(2)

The International Evidence 443(1)

The Crisis of the Welfare State 444(3)

The Welfare Crisis in International Context 446(1)

Conclusion: Planning the Future of the Welfare State 447(2)

Discussion Questions 449(1)

Notes 450(3)

Reconceptualizing The American Welfare State 453(26)

The Global Economy and the American Welfare State 453(1)

Five Principles for Welfare Reform 454(5)

Increasing Economic Productivity 456(1)

Strengthening the Family 456(1)

Increasing Social Cohesion 457(1)

Strengthening the Community 458(1)

Greater Social Choice 458(1)

Restructuring the American Welfare State 459(15)

A Family Conservation Program 459(1)

Preventive Approaches to Poverty: Firming Up the Income Floor 460(2)

Preventive Approaches to Poverty: Building Economic Security 462(1)

Preventive Approaches to Poverty: Health Care 463(2)

Combating Poverty: A Stable Incomes Program 465(4)

Community Revitalization 469(3)

A National Service Program 472(2)

Conclusion 474(1)

Discussion Questions 475(1)

Notes 475(4)
Glossary 479(10)
Index 489